Effectiveness of weight management, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction interventions in changing behaviors during pregnancy: an umbrella review protocol
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Review objective/question The objective of this umbrella review is to examine the effectiveness of different types of weight management, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction interventions in producing explicitly measured behavior change or proxy measures of behavior change in pregnant women. Specifically the review question is: are weight management, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction interventions effective in producing behavior change in pregnant women?Keywords:
Weight management
Abstract: The Journal of Nutrition and Weight loss (JNWL) was inaugurated in 2016 and has continued publishing successfully with Volume 5 in 2020. Since the journal was established, JNWL has published in excess of 14 topical broadly such as diet pills, liquid diet, Yoga for weight loss, green tea weight loss, Vitamins for weight loss, Weight management, Ideal body weight, Obesity, Weight Reduction, Weight loss surgery, Overweight and Obesity, Ornish diet, Rapid weight loss, Body mass index (BMI), Body Mass composition, Non-surgical weight loss, Weight loss supplements, Weight loss diet, Weight Loss Medical Devices, Very low Calorie diet and Weight loss management program, Monitoring and treatment protocols. This journal was also accepting articles about animal nutrition.
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Abstract The changing pattern of obesity‐related disease has created a need for a greater range of weight management options for the increasing number of people for whom weight loss and maintenance cannot be addressed by conventional dietary methods. Formula diet weight loss programmes [very low‐calorie diets ( VLCD s) (400–800 kcal/day) and low‐calorie diets ( LCD s) (800–1200 kcal/day)] can deliver weight loss at rates of 1–2 kg/week. This rate of weight loss can result in 10–20 kg weight loss in 8–12 weeks. Many health benefits associated with weight reduction seem to require between 10 and 20 kg weight loss. Formula diet programmes can result in weight loss, reduction of liver volume and reduction of visceral fat before bariatric surgery; weight loss before knee joint replacement surgery has also been shown. The benefit of pre‐operative weight loss is still under investigation and such practices before bariatric surgery are variable in surgical units across the UK . Weight loss with formula diet in obesity‐associated conditions where inflammation is an important component, such as osteoarthritis and psoriasis, has been demonstrated. Maintenance of about 10% of initial bodyweight loss, with symptom improvement in elderly obese people with knee osteoarthritis, has been shown over a period of 4 years. In obese people with psoriasis, weight loss with skin improvement has been maintained for 1 year. Clinical trials are currently underway to examine the merits of an initial weight loss with formula diet in pre‐diabetes, in early type 2 diabetes and in insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes. Rapid initial weight loss can result in rapid symptom improvement, such as reduced joint pain in osteoarthritis, improved sleep quality in obstructive sleep apnoea, reduced shortness of breath on exertion, reduced peripheral oedema and rapid improvement in metabolic control in diabetes, all changes that are highly motivating and conducive towards compliance. There is also some evidence for improved vitamin D status and maintained bone health in elderly obese people with osteoarthritis but more research is needed. Rapid initial weight loss was feared to be followed by rapid weight regain. However, provided initial weight loss is delivered in parallel with an intense education programme about nutrition, cooking, shopping and lifestyle for long‐term maintenance; and where long‐term support is provided, subsequent weight maintenance after VLCDs and LCDs has been shown to be possible. A recent literature review identified high‐protein diets, obesity drugs and partial use of formula meal replacements as methods which can result in statistically significantly greater weight maintenance after initial weight loss with VLCDs or LCDs . Anxiety about serious adverse side effects seems to be unfounded although users need to be aware of both minor and more serious, though very infrequent, adverse events, such as gallstones and gallbladder disease.
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Traditionally smoking cessation studies use smoker and nonsmoker categories almost exclusively to represent individuals quitting smoking. This study tested the transtheoretical model of change that posits a series of stages through which smokers move as they successfully change the smoking habit. Subjects in precontemplation (n = 166), contemplation (n = 794), and preparation (n = 506) stages of change were compared on smoking history, 10 processes of change, pretest self-efficacy, and decisional balance, as well as 1-month and 6-month cessation activity. Results strongly support the stages of change model. All groups were similar on smoking history but differed dramatically on current cessation activity. Stage differences predicted attempts to quit smoking and cessation success at 1- and 6-month follow-up. Implications for recruitment, intervention, and research are discussed.
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UK guidelines recommend that patients with obesity in primary care receive opportunistic weight loss advice from health care professionals, but there is a lack of research into the characteristics and existing weight management practices of these patients. The aim of this study was to characterise primary care patients with obesity in England, to inform the screening, support, and referral options appropriate to this group. We surveyed 1309 patients registered at 15 GP practices in North East England, aged ≥18 years and with objectively recorded obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Study participants reported their weight history, health status, past and current weight loss activities, motivating factors, weight loss strategies used, professional support received, and perceived barriers to weight loss. 62% of participants were actively trying to lose weight, and a further 15% had attempted and discontinued weight loss in the last 12 months. Only 20% of the sample had sought GP support for weight loss in the last 12 months; instead, most efforts to lose weight were self-guided and did not use evidence-based strategies. Those who sought GP weight loss support were likely to use it and find it motivating. Participants had attempted weight loss on multiple previous occasions and overall felt less confident and successful at maintaining weight loss than losing it. Participants at greatest clinical risk (higher BMI and more health conditions) reported particularly low confidence and multiple barriers to weight loss, but were nevertheless highly motivated to lose weight and keep it off. We identified the need for informational, structural, and weight loss maintenance-specific support for GP patients with objectively-recorded obesity. Study participants were motivated to lose weight and keep it off, but lacked the confidence and understanding of effective strategies required to do this. GP weight loss support was acceptable and useful but underutilised, indicating that screening and brief referral interventions to structured programmes may augment patients' current weight management activities and meet key support needs whilst optimising limited primary care resources.
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การดำเนนงานควบคมการบรโภคยาสบในปจจบนมแนวทางการปฏบตโดยการลดจำนวนนกสบหนาใหม การชวยเหลอผสบบหรใหเลกสบและการคมครองสขภาพผไมสบบหร การชวยเหลอใหเลกสบบหรนนมวธการตางๆ ตงแตการปรบเปลยนพฤตกรรม การใชยานโคตนทดแทน การใชการแพทยทางเลอก ซงในการปรบเปลยนพฤตกรรมการสบบหรมการนำทฤษฎตางๆมาประยกตใชเพอเปนแนวทางในการพฒนาโปรแกรมการเลกสบบหร ทฤษฎขนตอนการเปลยนแปลงพฤตกรรมเปนทฤษฎหนงทมการนำมาใชอยางกวางขวางและประสบผลสำเรจในการนำมาใชในโปรแกรมการเลกสบบหรโดยผานการตดสนใจของบคคลทตงใจจะเปลยนแปลงพฤตกรรม ทฤษฎนยงมประเดนทนาศกษาหลายประการในเรองการเลกสบบหร บทความนไดสรปองคประกอบหลกของทฤษฎทนำมาใชในการปฏบตและตวอยางกจกรรมของการใชกระบวนการเปลยนแปลงในการจดโปรแกรมเพอการเลกสบบหร Currently, the activities for tobacco control are implemented to decrease new smokers, help smokers to quit and protect nonsmokers’ health. Behavior modification, nicotine replacement therapy and alternative medicine are used to assist smokers to quit smoking. Many theories areapplied to guide the interventions for smoking cessation. Transtheoretical model is being used widely and effectively for applying in smoking cessation program through the intention to change the behavior. Many issues are needed for further study this theory for smoking cessation. The article focuses on core concepts of the theory to guide the interventions and gives the examples of processes of change in smoking cessation program for the conscripts.
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This Scientific journal covers the following topics broadly such as diet pills, liquid diet, Yoga for weight loss, green tea weight loss, Vitamins for weight loss, Weight management, Ideal body weight, Obesity, Weight Reduction, Weight loss surgery, Overweight and Obesity, Ornish diet, Rapid weight loss, Body mass index (BMI), Adipose Tissue, Lipid Metabolism, Body Mass composition, Colon cleanse weight loss, Non-surgical weight loss, Weight loss supplements, Weight loss diet, Weight Loss Medical Devices, Very low Calorie diet and Weight loss management program, Monitoring and treatment protocols. This journal was also accepting articles about animal nutrition.
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Weigh Forward was a prospective clinical audit, aimed to assess the use and efficacy of 12-week weight management program in general practice. Twenty-eight practitioners participated in the audit, with a total of 258 patients observed. Of these, 147 (57%) were retained to 24 weeks. Practices were asked to implement a structured 12-week weight loss program, and encouraged to utilize relevant weight management guidelines as necessary. Patients were followed up regularly, and comprehensively assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Evaluations were made of patient weight loss, practitioner willingness to utilize available weight loss interventions, practitioner set weight loss goals and the appropriateness of such goals. Overall, the 57% of completing patients lost an average of 6.1% ± 0.5% body weight, with 27.2% losing ≥10% body weight. Practitioners were hesitant to intensify treatment, and those with comorbidities were less likely (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.4) to receive intensified treatment than those without. Practitioners also tended to set high weight loss goals, with a mean goal of 17.3% body-weight loss. The clinically significant mean weight loss demonstrates that practitioners are able to generate meaningful weight loss in primary care settings, however, could benefit from increased use of available interventions.
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Objective Individuals with obesity are often recommended weight loss for their health; however, the amount of weight loss that is recommended varies. Lay people's beliefs about weight loss could influence the types of behaviours they view as necessary for people with obesity. The present study explored lay beliefs regarding the health benefits of varying degrees of weight loss.Design Participants (379 community members and 235 students) read information about an obese target who lost varying amounts of weight (none vs. modest vs. substantial) following behaviour changes.Main outcome Participants evaluated the target's health and recommended health-related behaviours to the target.Results The substantial weight-loss target, but not the modest weight-loss target, was perceived as being healthier than the no weight-loss target. There were no differences in behaviour recommendations made to the no weight-loss and modest weight-loss targets, with most participants recommending further weight loss to both targets.Conclusions Lay people appear to view substantial, but not modest, weight loss as beneficial to health, and they recommend further, more unrealistic amounts of weight loss to obese individuals who have already achieved modest weight loss. A failure to recognise the health benefits of modest weight loss may contribute to unrealistic weight loss goals.
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