Real-Contact Area Between an Elastomer and a Flat Plane Observed by Surface Plasmon Resonance: Optical Model Calculations
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Surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) sensors are widely used in biological, chemical, medical, and environmental sensing. SPR sensors supporting two surface-plasmon modes can differentiate surface binding interactions from bulk index changes at a single sensing location. We present a new approach to dual-mode SPR sensing that offers improved differentiation between surface and bulk effects. By using an angular interrogation, both long- and short-range surface plasmons are simultaneously excited at the same location and wavelength but at different angles. Initial experiments indicate that angular interrogation offers at least a factor of 3.6 improvement in surface and bulk cross-sensitivity compared to wavelength-interrogated dual-mode SPR sensors.
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In this work, two of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based optical fibre sensors have been successfully developed and cross-compared. With one SPR sensor being coated with a thin layer of gold film and the other gold-nanorods (GNRs), forming a LSPR sensor, both sensors are subjected to various refractive index changes. As a result their sensitivities are measured in the form of resonance wavelength shift as a function of refractive index variation. The results demonstrate that the thin-film coated SPR sensor has much higher sensitivity than that of GNRs coated LSPR sensor but with worse linearity.
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We have systematically investigated the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the silver nanoparticles by using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and optical simulation based on boundary element methods with respect to the diameter and the impact parameter variations. The both peaks of EELS and optical curve were occurred from 3.2 to 3.8 eV. Interestingly, we found two types of plasmon modes. At the impact parameter from 0 to R, the plasmon showed the properties as bulk plasmon, while at the greater value than R it showed the surface plasmon mode. This result showed the EELS simulation was better to observe a high-order of LSPR spectra than optical simulation. High-order was originated from a higher multipolar mode and weak interaction in surface plasmon phenomenon. As shown above, the EELS measurement can detect a high-order mode of LSPR than the optical measurement.
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Abstract The three-dimensional aggregated structure of carbon black in elastomer blends behaves in a similar fashion to that of the individual elastomers. The elastomer seems to act merely as a dispersing medium. The properties of the rubber reflect the structural effects of the filler superimposed upon the elastomer itself. The elastomer molecules no doubt retain their individual characteristics of rotation of bonds which govern the stiffness of the molecule. However, the superimposed carbon-black network exerts the predominant effect, as far as the low-strain dynamic characteristics are concerned. The polymeric medium seems to influence this interaction by determining the magnitude of agglomeration and distribution of black in the phases, but does not have visible influence on the overall characteristics of the carbon-black networks. In this respect blends of two elastomers behave as a single elastomer. The importance of the present work is that the strain-dependent dynamic properties of blends of elastomers are very similar to those of single elastomers. In tires and antivibration applications, the strain imposed is usually less than 10%. More and more blends of elastomers are being used for these applications. The filler structure and its breakdown at these strains have an important contribution to hardness, modulus, and hysteresis of these compounds.
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We investigate optimum plasmon-enhanced total-internal-reflection fluorescence imaging by metallic thin films and nanostructures. The enhancement is based on the mismatch between the conditions of plasmon resonance and maximal near-field intensity. We have calculated plasmon-associated near-field and far-field characteristics using rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Near-field intensity was experimentally measured with fluorescent beads on silver thin films, nanogratings, and nanoislands. The results for nanostructure-based plasmon excitation confirm that momentum mismatching when exciting plasmons can increase the consequent emission of fluorescence substantially. The improvement can be critical depending on the specific structure.
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Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been attracting more attention because they have many color varieties in the visible region based on plasmon resonance, which is due to the collective oscillation of the electrons at the surface of the nanoparticles. We prepared 6 nm Au NPs to modify the surface of the glass substrate. Surface plasmons resonance of Au NPs in toluene is between 500 nm and 600 nm. When Au NPs are modified on the glass substrate, the peak of surface plasmons resonance of Au NPs is shifted. We employed spectral ellipsometry to detect optical properties. Then the characteristics of surface plasmons resonance of Au NPs is determined by reflective index. The performance of surface plasmons resonance of Au NPs on the glass substrate is simulated and shown.
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