Co-Infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp from selected primary schools children in Boripe Local Government of State of Osun, Nigeria
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Objective: This research was geared towards surveying and knowing the influencing factors of intestinal nematodes infection in primary school pupils in Boripe local Government Area, State of Osun Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred stool samples were collected from ten different schools. The samples were emulsified in formaldehyde-ether concentration and centrifuged. The resulting stool sediments were microscopically examined. Questionnaires were given to the pupils to capture their bio-data and health status in relation to the influencing factors of the infection. Results: The percentage co-infection of the parasites were 29.2% and 24.3% of males and females respectively. Religion, pork meat consumption and personal hygiene among others, significantly influenced the incidence of the infection (p<0.05). On the contrary, there was no significant association between the intestinal helminths infection and washing of fruits/vegetables or stream swimming. The preponderance of Taenia spp was high compared to Ascaris lumbricoides . Conclusions: Investigation in this study generally revealed a low infestation of the intestinal helminth parasites. Nevertheless, there is need for regular sensitization of the public, especially mothers, on the need for good hygiene practices and proper cooking of every food - mainly meat. Also, there is need for periodic de-worming of the pupils for better utilization of the food nutrients.Keywords:
Taenia
Ascaris
Personal hygiene
Local government area
Deworming
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A survey of intestinal helminth infections among primary school children in Ntezi, Ishielu LGA of Ebonyi state, Nigeria was undertaken using direct smear and egg floatation techniques. A total of three hundred stool samples were collected from pupils of both sexes and examined. Their ages ranged from six to fourteen years old. 81 out of the 300 samples were positive for various intestinal helminths with hookworm accounting for 16.7%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 8%; Trichuris trichura,1%; Strongyloides stercoralis,0.67%; and mixed infections of hookworm and Ascaris 0.67%. Age and sex affected the pattern of infections. Pupils aged 6-8 years had the highest prevalence of 40(35.6%); 9-11 years 32(33.3%) and 12-14 years had 9(10%). Infection was more in females (33.3%) than in males (19.6%). Pupils that defecate in the bush had highest infection of 15%; pit toilet 6.7%; stream 5% while those that use water closet had no infection. Assessment on source of water showed that pupils who use stream water had the highest infections of 45 (58%); well water 23(28.4%); borehole 11(13.6%) and rainfall had no infection. Infections were detected in all the schools investigated. The study showed that school pupils carry heavy intestinal parasite burden and the socio-economic status of parents, source of water and methods of fecal wastes disposal all had contributory effects on the prevalence of infections. To reduce the prevalence and effects of helminth infections in the area, school-based de-worming campaign, public health awareness programmes, improved water supply and improved socio-economic status of the populace are recommended.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichuris
Trichuris trichiura
Hookworm Infections
Strongyloides
Ascaris
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ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT (ENGLISH/ ANGLAIS One hundred soil samples were collected from the playing grounds of four primary schools in Zaria, Nigeria as well as 100 stool samples from randomly selected pupils in the 4 schools and examined for the presence of helminth eggs/larvae. Formol ether concentration technique was used for both soil and faecal samples. The result of this study showed that Ascaris lumbricoides was more prevalent in soil samples, while Hookworm was more prevalent in stool samples. Pupils in age group 13-15 had more helminth infection and females had a higher prevalence of the helminths. It was concluded that pupils of these schools may have played a role in the contamination of their school environment or vice versa.
Ascaris
Enterobius
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A survey of intestinal helminth parasites among school pupils was conducted in two primary schools within Ihumudumu community of Ekpoma, in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria, between December 2012 and February 2013. A total of 380 faecal samples were randomly collected from pupils of both sexes whose ages ranged between 5-14 years. Using the direct wet smear and formol-ether sedimentation techniques to process the faeces, 71(18.7%) of the samples were found positive for various intestinal helminths; with Hookworm accounting for 8.4% of total number examined. Ascaris lumbricoides was 3.4%, Trichuris trichiura 2.6%, Enterobius vermicularis 1.1%, Schistosoma mansoni 0.8% , Strongyloides stercoralis 0.8%, and Fasciola spp. 0.5%. Mixed infections were observed in 4(1.1%) of the pupils. Sex did not significantly affect the pattern of infection (P>0.05) but age affected it significantly (P<0.05). Infections were detected in both schools with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our findings indicated that intestinal helminthiasis was relatively not prevalent in the area, and as such, control and preventive measures such as chemotherapy, provision of adequate sanitary facilities and potable drinking water, improved personal hygiene and Health education should be the focus of government and non-governmental Health providers. Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal helminthes, Parasites, School children
Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius
Personal hygiene
Trichuris
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The prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school pupils aged between 0 and 15years in Unwana, Afikpo Ebonyi State was investigated. The formalin-ether concentration technique was used to examine the stool samples of 300 school children. Out of the 300 stool samples examined, Ascaris lumbricoides had an overall prevalence of 237(79%), hookworm 245(81.6%), Trichuris trichuria 7(2.3%) and Entamoeba species 165(55%). Male pupils were more affected than the females. Children between the ages of 6 and 10 years were the most infested by A. lumbricoides while those between the ages of 11and 15years were most infested by hookworm, Trichuris trichuria and Entamoeba species . There was a high prevalence of intestinal parasites infestation among the children examined in this study and this calls for urgent need to improve good personal hygiene and environmental sanitation amongst school children in rural communities. Keywords : Intestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides , hookworm, Trichuris trichuria, Entamoeba species, school pupils, Afikpo.
Entamoeba coli
Trichuris
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius
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The study was designed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes parasite of Nursery and Primary schools pupils in Uga, Anambra State. A total of 416 stool samples were examined using the direct faecal smear method and formal ether concentration techniques. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to the pupils with the help of their teachers. Out of the 416 pupils examined, (44.71%) harboured intestinal helminthes parasites. The parasites isolated were Hookworm (21.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (56.2%), Taenia species (28.3%), Trichuris trichiura (19%). Prevalence among female (46.1%) were higher than that of the males (43.2%), there was no significant difference between prevalence of infection and sex (P > 0.05). The age group between 3 – 5 years had the highest prevalence (66.2%) while age group between 12 – 14 years had the lowest prevalence (20.7%) and the infection reduced as age increased but there were a significant difference between prevalence of infection and age (P < 0.05). The risk factors observed in the schools are: indiscriminate defecation, open dumping of refuse dumps within school premises and pupils playing around the refuse dumps, poor source of water (absence of pipe – borne water in the study area) and lack of public health education. Health education for pupils, parents and teachers on the modes of transmission, prevention and treatment of helminthes infections is needed.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris
Ogun state
Trichuriasis
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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminth parasites among 514 pupils aged 5-16 years in five primary schools in Mbaukwu, Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to determine the socio-economic factors enhancing the transmission of the parasites. Six helminth parasites were isolated, namely, Hookworm (37.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (33.6%), Trichuris trichiura (11.7%) Strongyloides stercoralis (8.2%), Taenia spp (6.90/0) and Schistosoma mansoni (2.8%). Multiple parasitism were also encountered. Pupils in the agegroup 9-12 years had the highest infection rate (41.0%) followed by those in age-group 5-9 (40.1%). Infection rate was higher among (p>0.05) females than males though not statistically significant. Infection was higher among those whose parents were farmers and traders than those of civil servants. Infection was also higher among pupils who used nearby bushes for defaecation than those who use pit latrine and water. Sanitation should be encouraged in order to control the disease since the high prevalence was found to be associated with unsanitary habits. There is the need to incorporate the control of intestinal helminthiasis into Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Keywords: helminth, parasites, prevalence, Mbaukwu.Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 29 (1) 2008 pp. 15-19
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides
Enterobius
Ancylostoma
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Intestinal parasites are a major health challenge in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The high prevalence of intestinal parasites has been attributed to poverty leading to poor hygiene, inadequate health services and contaminated food and water. A survey of intestinal parasitic infectation was conducted among 200 primary school children of Ta’al Modern Primary School, Bukan-Sidi in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Stool specimens were collected and examined using direct smear method and formol-ether concentration technique. The prevalence of intestinal parasite recorded was 95(47.5%) in the study-area. A total of six intestinal parasites species were identified: Entomoeba histolytica 15(15.8%), Giardia lamblia 14(14.7%) Ascairis lumbicoides 23(24.2%), Hookworm 28(29.5%), Trichuris trichiura 8 (8.4%) and Fasciola hepatica 7(7.4%). Amongst the six intestinal parasites, Hookworm recorded the highest prevalence 28(29.5%). Generally females 54(56.8%) were found to be more infected than males 41(43.1%). It was observed that prevalence of infection decreased with increase in age group of the pupils. The age-group 7-9 years recorded the highest 27(28.4%) prevalence and least 22(23.2%) in age group 13-15. The highest prevalence 23(24.2%) was found amongst primary one pupils and the least 8(8.4%) was in primary six. Statistical analysis using chi-square (x2) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of infection between sex, age-group and class of pupils. Intestinal parasitic infection can be reduced through public health awareness campaign to improved personal hygiene and environmental sanitation including good water supply.Keywords: Intestinal parasite; infection; primary school children; Nasarawa State
Local government area
Trichuris trichiura
Intestinal parasite
Fasciola
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Gastrointestinal helminth infection as a public health problem among primary school children was assessed using Kato-thick smear technique in five schools. Six hundred and thirty two (632) faecal samples were collected, examined and the result analysed. An overall prevalence rate of 32.1% was observed with intestinal helmith parasites in the district. The parasites encountered were: Teania spp (20.7%), hookworm (20.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (16.1%), Trichuris trichiura (13.9%), Strongyloides stercoralis (6.6%) and Schistosoma mansoni (4.7%). The relationship between rate of infection and school was influenced by age as the 8-10 years age class had the highest infection rate of 39.2%. Boys were more infected (38.5%) than girls (18.9%), although there was no significant difference (P = 0.05). This is because boys are more active and are involved in more outdoor activities than girls. Multiple infections (36.1%) were more common than single infection (24.7%). Control measures that could be intensified to achieve better health standards should include; good sanitation, provision of portable drinking water, health education and hygienic practices, enlightenment campaigns and curative measures by providing good health services to the communities especially and specifically provision of deworming tablets to school children free of charge periodically is stressed. KEY WORDS: Gastrointestinal, helminth, prevalence, hygiene and education. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol.11(2) 2005: 193-196
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercoralis
Deworming
Enterobius
Hookworm Infections
Personal hygiene
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to of investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among school children in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
Methodology: Random sampling was adopted in selecting a sample of five schools with a population of 235 pupils was used for the study. The instrument for the study was the questionnaire used to elicit in information on the risk factors. Also 50 pupils were randomly selected, 10 each from the five selected schools for the stool investigations. The saline/iodine wet mouth procedure was used in the analysis of the stool samples.
Findings: Results showed that poor sanitary conditions, inadequate potable water supply, lack of personal hygiene education and lack of de-worming of children enhanced the spread of intestinal parasitic infection. An overall prevalence of 66% was recorded. A total of 6 species of intestinal parasites were recorded in this study. This includes Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Entamoeba coli respective prevalence rates of 33.3%, 24.2%, 18.2%, 12.1%, 9.1% and 3.0%. The highest prevalence of 27.3% was recorded in Kutaho, followed by Kushe and Jere with 21.2% each while the least prevalence of 12.1% as recorded in Kagarko. The 11-13 years age group had the highest prevalence of (45.5%), followed by the 8-10 years age group (36.4%), and then the 14 years and above with the least (6.1%). Sex-specific prevalence was higher in males (57.6%) than females (42.4%).
Recommendations: The results suggests that Children should be taught on regular personal hygiene. There is also need for Public Health Education on personal hygiene practices in the communities, large scale de-worming campaigns in all primary schools in the area and the host communities.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Local government area
Personal hygiene
Entamoeba coli
Prevalence
Strongyloides
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There is a deficit of published data on the prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasitic infections in Osogbo metropolis, although there exist some reports for few of the local government areas of Osun state. Post primary school students are at high risk of acquiring gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Osogbo metropolis. A total of one hundred and fifty fecal samples were examined microscopically from post primary school students aged 9 – 18. Direct microscopic examination, centrifugation floatation and sedimentation techniques were used to examine fecal samples while Kato-katz technique was used to determine the intensity of infection. Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stacoralis and Hookworm were the most common intestinal helminths recovered. A. lumbricoides formed the bulk of the infections with prevalence rate of 124 (91.9%) followed by S. stacoralis 8 (6.0%) and Hookworm, 3 (2.2%). Specific factors related to the environments that were examined included water source, toilet or latrine use and refuse disposal Multiple infection of two - three parasite combinations were common, A. lumbricoides – Hookworm combination being the most common. Analysis of the data on the basis of sex revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the overall incidence of infections between male (75.6%) and female (84.8%). The maximum infection was observed in younger age groups compared to adults (P<0.05). Infections were greater among households drinking water from stream followed by well water and those using pit/open field for toilets. This report recommends that good drinking water coupled with adequate toilet facility and deworming programs be integrated in private and public schools as well as promotion of healthier diets as most effective tools in controlling helminthes infection among school children.Keywords: Prevalence, Intensity, Intestinal helminths, Post-primary students, Risk factors
Toilet
Deworming
Hookworm Infections
Strongyloides
Enterobius
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