New and Noteworthy Records of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) for Connecticut
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Abstract:
We report and annotate new Connecticut state records for fourteen bee species: Eucera (Synhalonia) hamata (Bradley), Holcopasites calliopsidis calliopsidis (Linsley), Nomada tiftonensis Cockerell, Triepeolus remigatus (Fabricius), Andrena (Derandrema) uvulariae Mitchell, Pseudopanurgus compositarum (Robertson), Lasioglossum (Dialictus) abanci (Crawford), Lasioglossum (Dialictus) lionotum (Sandhouse), Lasioglossum (Dialictus) michiganense (Mitchell), Lasioglossum (Dialictus) platyparium (Robertson), Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith), Hylaeus (Prosopis) illinoisensis (Robertson), Hylaeus (Prosopis) aff. nelumbonis, and Hylaeus (Prosopis) schwarzii (Cockerell). In addition, we report and discuss other noteworthy bee records from Connecticut to clarify taxonomy, nomenclature, status, habitat, or ecoregion.Keywords:
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Numerous species in the Old World army ant genus Dorylus have been described based on a single sex or caste. Our analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences of specimens from the same population reveals that D. gribodoi Emery males are conspecific with D. gerstaeckeri Emery workers, rendering D. gerstaeckeri a junior synonym of D. gribodoi. Dorylus gribodoi var. insularis Santschi, D. gribodoi var. confusus Santschi and Dorylus lamottei Bernard are also synonymized under D. gribodoi. A description of the D. gribodoi queen, which was collected together with workers from a nest in Ivory Coast, is provided. Dorylus gerstaeckeri st. quadratus Santschi is shown to be distinct from D. gribodoi and synonymised under Dorylus kohli Wasmann. Similar studies examining the relationship between species described based on males and others described based on workers are needed to clarify the formidable taxonomic confusion in the ecologically important but little-studied genus Dorylus.
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Bees of the family Halictidae (Apoidea: Anthophila) have three pairs of thick, bundled muscles that are circular to subcircular in cross section within the first metasomal segment, as revealed by micro-CT scanning of 16 species in 15 genera of five bee families. In nonhalictids and the basal halictid subfamily Rophitinae, these muscles are planar (flat and sheetlike), typically lying between the anterior air sacs and abdominal wall. In Nomiinae and Halictinae, these muscles, especially the dorsal-ventral pair, bulge into air-sac space, partly enveloped by air-sac membrane. A possible function may be to facilitate metasomal compression and contraction, and thus air flow. The bundled shape of these derived halictid muscles is similar to that of flight muscles, but further data is needed to determine if they are fibrillar, which would suggest a completely different function.
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