[Efficiency of immunocorrection using cytokines in the therapy of papillomavirus infection].
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Abstract:
The data of the immunological examination and the results of treatment of 86 patients with papillomavirus infection (PVI) are presented. The multifactor suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immunity was established. The degree of immune disturbances correlated with the spread and severity of lesions. The use of systemic injections of cytokines (leukinferon and concentrated interferon) in low doses as adjuvant therapy with laser-radiosurgery led to the normalization of most immunological characteristics and the course of PVI without relapses.Keywords:
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The nature of protective immunity against typhoid fever in man is not at present well understood. Work on animal models and earlier studies from this laboratory indicate an important protective role for cellular immunity. The present work attempts to study the efficacy of the conventional typhoid vaccine in inducing specific cellular and humoral immune responses. The study on fifty-eight new army recruits and thirty-one civilian volunteers showed adequate humoral responses after vaccination. However, vaccination failed to induce a significant cellular immune response. In addition, a transient suppression of cellular immunity was observed in the immediate post-vaccination period in ten subjects who possessed natural cellular immunity before vaccination. These findings indicate the need for improving the typhoid vaccine so that it will induce cellular immunity as well as a humoral response. It also points to the necessity for obtaining detailed knowledge of the post-vaccination anergy as it could be important in timing public health programmes.
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Vaccines are the most effective tool to control infectious diseases, which provoke significant morbidity and mortality rates. Most vaccines are administered through the parenteral route and can elicit a robust systemic humoral response, but they induce a weak T-cell-mediated immunity and are poor inducers of mucosal protection. Considering that most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, a vaccine that elicits protection in the first site of contact between the host and the pathogen is promising. However, despite the advantages of mucosal vaccines as good options to confer protection on the mucosal surface, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently approved. In this review, we discuss the impact of vaccine administration in different mucosal surfaces; how appropriate adjuvants enhance the induction of protective mucosal immunity and other factors that can influence the mucosal immune response to vaccines.
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Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to varicella-zoster (V-Z) virus were assessed in patients during and after V-Z infections. Ongoing V-Z infections was associated with minimal cellular immunity but not necessarily with poor humoral immunity. Recovery from V-Z infection was associated with a vigorous cellular immune response. Cell-mediated immunity to V-Z virus was demonstrable for years after varicella, but responses were lower in immunocompromised patients than in normal individuals.
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TH2-biased immune responses are associated with inadequate protection against some pathogens and with cancer, colitis, asthma and allergy. Since most currently used vaccine adjuvants induce a TH2-biased response, this has led to interest in developing adjuvants capable of activating TH1 immunity and modulating existing TH2 responses. Immunotherapies to shift immune responses from TH2 to TH1 have generally required prolonged immunization protocols and have not induced effective TH1 responses. We have demonstrated that nanoscale emulsions (NE), a novel mucosal adjuvant, induce robust IgA and IgG antibody responses and TH1/TH17 cellular immunity resulting in protection against a variety of respiratory and mucosal infections. Because intranasal (i.n.) delivery of NE adjuvant consistently induces TH1/TH17 biased responses, we hypothesized that NE could be used as a therapeutic vaccine to redirect existing TH2 polarized immunity towards a more balanced TH1/TH2 profile. To test this, a TH2 immune response was established by intramuscular immunization of mice with alum-adjuvanted hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs), followed by a single subsequent i.n. immunization with NE-HBs. These animals exhibited increased TH1 associated immune responses and IL-17, and decreased TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and IgG1. NE immunization induced regulatory T cells and IL-10, and IL-10 was required for the suppression of TH2 immunity. These data demonstrate that NE-based vaccines can modulate existing TH2 immune responses to promote TH1/TH17 immunity and suggest the potential therapeutic use of NE vaccines for diseases associated with TH2 immunity.
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The aim of the research was to study immune status of 25 HIV-infected children with acute rhinosinusitis. The controlgroup for comparison consisted of 14 practically healthy children. In HIV-infected patients with acute rhinosinusitisthere have been revealed marked impairments of the immune status, especially on the part of the T-link of immunity andits subsets, as well as the disturbance of the humoral link of immunity. Under the influence of the administered treatmentwe have not revealed any definite changes in the immune status of the patients.Key words: immune status, HIV-infection, acute rhinosinusitis, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, immunodeficiency.Since 1983 when human immune deficiency virus (HIV)was first described in children, the epidemiology of pediatricAIDS has evolved significantly [6]. Within the last twodecades of the 20-21
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Objective Eukaryotic express plasmid of Murine IL-2(pCDNA 3IL-2) and eukaryotic express plasmid of Murine IL-3(pCDNA 3IL-3) were used as adjuvants in the study.The experiments were conducted to compare the immune modulation effects and histological lesions of the two adjuvatns to mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine according to the levels of cellular immunity,humoral immunity and histopathology in immune organs.Methods The tested animals were guinea pigs.Fifty days after twice BCG vaccination samples were detected by indirect ELISA,MTT and histopathological lesions of immune organs.Results pcDNA 3IL-2 and pcDNA 3IL-3(pcDNA 3IL-3 can both effectively enhance the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of guinea pit induced by BCG(P0 05 or P0 01) and hyperplasia of histopathological lesions of immune organs.Conclusion Eukaryotic Express Plasmid of Murine IL-2 and IL-3 can both promote the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of guinea pig induced by BCG(P0 05 or P0 01),so they can be as a kind of potential adjuvants.
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