Fire effects in the molecular structure of soil organic matter fractions under Quercus suber cover
N. T. Jiménez MorilloJosé M. de la Rosa ArranzDerek C. WaggonerGonzalo AlmendrosFrancisco Javier González-VilaJosé Antonío González‐Pérez
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Quercus suber
Fraction (chemistry)
Soil carbon
In this PhD thesis two different aspects that specifically relate to the environment of cork oak forest and the species Quercus suber L. were examined. The first part was focused on the soil’s evaluation of Experimental cork producing area named Cusseddu–Miali-Parapinta”, located in Tempio Pausania (OT) in Sardinia which represent the first example of cork oak forest certificated (FSC) in the world. This aspect was carried out within the framework “NATO Science for Peace Project (ESP.MD.SFP 981674) 0073”, which involved an interdisciplinary consortium, comprising research teams from three NATO countries(Portugal, England and Italy) and two Mediterranean Dialogue countries (Morocco and Tunisia). The purpose of this first part was focused on the evaluation of soil quality as expression of the ability to interact with the ecosystem as a function of biological productivity and forest management. The second part, involved in the flowering phenology of the Quercus suber L., examining individuals of cork oak in Quinta da Serra, Azeitao, Lisbon (Portugal), with the final aim of increasing knowledge on the variability within the species Quercus suber L. and the reproductive behavior during the flowering period, and put forward the hypothesis of a model of adaptive response to climate change.
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Soil organic matter plays a key role in soil feitilization,plant nutrition,soil quality and tillage.Thus,it is a research hotspot in relation to the mechanism of carbon cycle and balance in soil.Substantial evidence showed that proper soil management should be conducted to adjust organic matter accumulation and decomposition.At the same time,soil carbon cycle had a big effect on environment.It is essential to increase soil carbon storage.In this paper,we reviewed the advances with respect to carbon stocks,and effective measures for increasing organic carbon content in terrestrial ecosystem.
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The epicuticular leaf waxes of young leaves of the Holm oak (Quercus ilex L. ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) and the cork oak (Q suber L.) were extracted in chloroform and separated into their constituent wax classes by preparative thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography. The wax coverage was about 125 μg/cm2 in Q. suber and about 71 μg/cm2 in Q. ilex. The main classes encountered (by weight) were odd chain n-alkanes (9% in Q. ilex, and 4–27% in Q. suber) and even chain amphiphilic compounds. The major classes of amphiphilic compounds were n-alkan-1-ols (20–27% in Q. ilex, and 18–50% in Q. suber), n-alkanals (<3% in Q. ilex, and up to 25% in Q. suber), n-alkanoic acids (11–12% in Q. ilex, and <5% in Q. suber) and n-alkyl esters (50–56% in Q. ilex, and 25–45% in Q. suber). The major components of each class, identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were C29 for the n-alkanes (54–58% in Q. ilex, and 47–57% in Q. suber), C24 for the n-alkan-1-ols (78–87% in Q. ilex, and 77–93% in Q. suber), C30 for the n-alkanals (up to 57% in Q. ilex, and up to 77% in Q. suber), C22 and C24 for the n-alkanoic acids in Q. ilex (39–62%) and C30 in Q. suber (49%). The n-alkyl esters were composed mainly from C22 and C24 n-alkanoic acids (∼38%) and n-alkan-1-ols (43–54%) in Q. ilex, whereas in Q. suber these esters were composed mainly from C22 and C24 n-alkanoic acids (44–52%) and C20 and C22 n-alkan-1-ols (32–66%). In addition to the above compounds, trace amounts (<5%) of C28 and C30 n-alkenes and the triterpenone, friedelin, were encountered in Q. suber and both plant waxes contained small amounts of the triterpenols α- and β-amyrin (5–9% of the total alkanol content). The variability observed in the chemical composition of the leaf waxes were attributable to seasonal causes and/or leaf age. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The epicuticular leaf waxes of young leaves of the Holm oak (Quercus ilex L. ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) and the cork oak (Q suber L.) were extracted in chloroform and separated into their constituent wax classes by preparative thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography. The wax coverage was about 125 μg/cm2 in Q. suber and about 71 μg/cm2 in Q. ilex. The main classes encountered (by weight) were odd chain n-alkanes (9% in Q. ilex, and 4–27% in Q. suber) and even chain amphiphilic compounds. The major classes of amphiphilic compounds were n-alkan-1-ols (20–27% in Q. ilex, and 18–50% in Q. suber), n-alkanals (<3% in Q. ilex, and up to 25% in Q. suber), n-alkanoic acids (11–12% in Q. ilex, and <5% in Q. suber) and n-alkyl esters (50–56% in Q. ilex, and 25–45% in Q. suber). The major components of each class, identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were C29 for the n-alkanes (54–58% in Q. ilex, and 47–57% in Q. suber), C24 for the n-alkan-1-ols (78–87% in Q. ilex, and 77–93% in Q. suber), C30 for the n-alkanals (up to 57% in Q. ilex, and up to 77% in Q. suber), C22 and C24 for the n-alkanoic acids in Q. ilex (39–62%) and C30 in Q. suber (49%). The n-alkyl esters were composed mainly from C22 and C24 n-alkanoic acids (∼38%) and n-alkan-1-ols (43–54%) in Q. ilex, whereas in Q. suber these esters were composed mainly from C22 and C24 n-alkanoic acids (44–52%) and C20 and C22 n-alkan-1-ols (32–66%). In addition to the above compounds, trace amounts (<5%) of C28 and C30 n-alkenes and the triterpenone, friedelin, were encountered in Q. suber and both plant waxes contained small amounts of the triterpenols α- and β-amyrin (5–9% of the total alkanol content). The variability observed in the chemical composition of the leaf waxes were attributable to seasonal causes and/or leaf age. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The balance of soil organic carbon has relation to atmospheric CO2 d ensity. The paper summarized the factors influenced disintegration changes of so il organic carbon and organic carbon decomposition, and emphasized the effects o f land use system, environmental factors and organic matter on soil organic carb on.
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Abstract Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon, with up to 50% of soil organic carbon (SOC) stored below 30 cm. Knowledge of the impact of land use on the mechanisms by which SOC is stored in subsoils is critical to developing and delivering strategies to mitigate climate change. We characterized SOC under arable, grassland, and deciduous woodland land uses in lowland England to determine how land use affects the mechanisms by which topsoil and subsoil SOC are protected. Soil organic matter (SOM) physical fractionation and ammonium oxalate extractable Al, Fe and Mn were analysed to elucidate protection mechanisms. Results revealed that the mineral‐free particulate organic matter (fPOM) fraction was significantly greater in both the topsoil and subsoil under woodland than under grassland or arable. The mineral‐associated organic carbon (MinOC) fraction was proportionally greater in the subsoil compared with topsoil under all land uses, with arable >grassland > woodland. These findings indicate that land use affects the extent to which SOC is protected, with woodlands containing a higher proportion of carbon that has less protection from decomposition. Subsoil SOC is protected from decomposition by organo‐mineral interactions with amorphous Al, Fe and Mn, and may be susceptible to future pH shifts as a result of land use change. This study highlights the need to consider the impact of land use change on SOC, given policy and public interest in woodland planting for climate change mitigation.
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