Built-up mica plate for high temperature applications
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Abstract:
Mica occurs in nature in "books" consisting of a number of layers or laminae which can be readily split and separated along basic cleavage planes. Most of the mica pieces are too small in size for industrial use, so that it is necessary to split the mica into very thin laminae (0.0006 to 0.0013 in.) and to build up plates from these laminae using a suitable binding material. When in this form it is known as "manufactured electrical mica".Keywords:
Cleavage (geology)
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Mica occurs in nature in "books" consisting of a number of layers or laminae which can be readily split and separated along basic cleavage planes. Most of the mica pieces are too small in size for industrial use, so that it is necessary to split the mica into very thin laminae (0.0006 to 0.0013 in.) and to build up plates from these laminae using a suitable binding material. When in this form it is known as "manufactured electrical mica".
Cleavage (geology)
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Εισαγωγή: Το γονίδιο MICA είναι ένα πολύ πολυμορφικό λειτουργικό γονίδιο που βρίσκεται κοντά στον τόπο HLA-B. Ορισμένα αλληλόμορφα MICA έχουν συσχετιστεί με φλεγμονώδεις και αυτοάνοσες ασθένειες, ενώ τα αντισώματα MICA έχουν εμπλακεί σε απόρριψη αλλομοσχεύματος οργάνων ή νόσο μοσχεύματος έναντι ξενιστή (GVHD). Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης ήταν να εντοπίσει τις συχνότητες των αλληλόμορφων MICA στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό, καθώς, όσο γνωρίζουμε, αυτά τα δεδομένα είναι ακόμη περιορισμένα. Τα δεδομένα συσχετίστηκαν με τα HLA-B. Μέθοδοι: Ελήφθη DNA από 277 μη συγγενείς μεταξύ τους, υγιείς, Καυκάσιους, Έλληνες, εθελοντές δότες Προγονικών Αιμοποιητικών κυττάρων (Stem Cells) Ο γονότυπος MICA* πραγματοποιήθηκε με αντίστροφη PCR-SSOP. Αποτελέσματα: Συνολικά 18 MICA αλληλόμορφα τυποποιήθηκαν στην παρούσα μελέτη. Τα πέντε πιο συχνά αλληλόμορφα στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό ήταν MICA*008 (24,6%), MICA*009 (22,36%), MICA 018 (16,03%), MICA*002 (8,02%) και MICA*004 (7,17%) τα οποία συνολικά αντιπροσωπεύουν το 77,8% όλων των αλληλίων. Σε συσχέτιση με τα HLA-B πιο συνηθισμένοι απλότυποι MICA ~ HLA-B που εντοπίστηκαν ήταν οι MICA*018 ~ B*18 (12,5%) και MICA*009 ~ B*51 (11,5%). Συμπεράσματα: Τα πέντε πιο συχνά αλληλόμορφα MICA στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό ήταν *008, *009, *018, *002, *004. Σε άλλους Καυκάσιους πληθυσμούς, δύο από αυτά τα αλληλόμορφα (*008 και *004) παρατηρήθηκαν σε παρόμοιες συχνότητες. Το MICA*002 παρατηρήθηκε λιγότερο συχνά (8,02%) στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό σε σύγκριση με άλλες Καυκάσιες ομάδες (συχνότητες > 15%). Επίσης, τα MICA*009 και MICA*018 είχαν αυξημένες συχνότητες (πάνω από 15%), ενώ σε άλλους πληθυσμούς βρέθηκαν περίπου 10% ή λιγότερο. Αυτά τα δεδομένα μπορεί να είναι σημαντικά για την αποσαφήνιση του ρόλου που παίζουν οι πολυμορφισμοί MICA στη μεταμόσχευση οργάνων και βλαστικών κυττάρων και για τον προσδιορισμό της σχέσης ορισμένων MICA με την συσχέτιση με συγκεκριμένες ασθένειες.
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The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists Petrologists and Economic Geologists (1970)
Mica cleavage surfaces have been investigated by examining gold decoration replicas of them in an electron microscope. Mica cleavage surface is atomically flat in general and thereby condensed gold particles distribute at random. In some part of mica cleavage surface, the characteristic distribution of gold particles were observed, and could be divided into the following four types: (1) chains of gold particles, (2) banded areas where few particles adsorbed, (3) difference in density of particles, (4) pseudohexagonal arrangement of particles. They were discussed in terms of the steps, the strain field induced by dislocations, and K+ ion distribution on mica cleavage surface. Then the nucleation and growth of thin films would be effected by these surface factors.
Cleavage (geology)
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EU의 ‘암호자산 시장 규제(MiCA)’ 초안이 2020년 9월에 제출되어서 논의 중이다. 본고에서는 암호자산을 한국 제도권으로 안착시키는 방안을 모색하기 위해 주요 국제기관의 논의를 정리하고, 특히 주요국 중에서는 가장 먼저 현실적이고 포괄적인 규제안으로 추진되는 MiCA를 자세히 소개하여 이해 증진에 기여하고자 하였다. EU는 소비자와 투자자가 심각한 위험에 노출되는 점, 각 회원국이 규제를 만들면 기술 성장이 저해되고 규제 차익 추구 행위가 발생할 수 있다는 점, 일부 암호자산은 통화정책에 난제가 될 수 있다는 점 등에 근거하여 MiCA를 제안하였다. MiCA에는 암호자산과 암호자산 서비스을 분류하고 각 암호자산의 발행과 서비스 제공에 대해 위험에 비례한 규제 체제가 제시되어 있다.
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Integrated mica derives its name from the fact that it consists of numerous flakes of mica, which are held together by their own cohesive force so as to form a continuous sheet. The process begins at the mine, where mica schist or giant granite is crushed and the mica flakes removed. These are then washed and split in such a manner that the cohesive force between the laminae is retained. The flakes which are 0.0003 inches thick or less are then carried in a liquid bath onto a belt, and when the liquid is removed, the flakes re-cohere to form a continuous sheet of mica.
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The dielectric responses of mica along the cleavage planes has been measured in the frequency range between 0.01 Hz and 100 kHz and in the temperature range between 368K and 173K. The loss parallel to the planes is two to three orders of magnitude higher that that measured normal to the planes. The response is due to relaxation of ions along the cleavage planes, including interlaminal and surface water molecules.
Muscovite
Cleavage (geology)
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Meniscus
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Since 1967–68, two mica reference samples, Biotite Mica‐Fe and Phlogopite Mica‐Mg, were made available to several geochemical laboratories. The analytical data reported during the past ten years by 142 geoanalysts belonging to 74 international laboratories are presented and assessed for deriving preferred values. Reaomrmended or proposed values are assigned for major, minor and several trace elements. The biotite Mica‐Fe is better characterized for its chemical composition than the Phlogopite Mica‐Mg. Both the samples are also proposed as geochronological standards. Because very few mica reference samples have been processed in large quantities, the international geochemiaal community is invited to contribute further useful data.
Phlogopite
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image circular DNA adsorbed on freshly cleaved mica and mica chemically modified with Mg(II), Co(II), La(III), and Zr(IV). Images obtained on unmodified mica show coiling of DNA due to forces involved during the drying process. The coiling or super twisting appeared to be right handed and the extent of super twisting could be controlled by the drying conditions. Images of DNA observed on chemically modified surfaces show isolated open circular DNA that is free from super twisting, presumably due to strong binding of DNA on chemically modified surfaces.
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