First record of Acropora gemmifera in the main Hawaiian Islands
William J. WalshStephen CottonLaura JacksonMegan R. LamsonRoss MartinKara Osada-D’AvellaLinda B. Preskitt
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Octocorallia
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Abstract. Andika D, Purnama D, Fajar SPN N, Kusuma AB, Tapilatu RF. 2020. Growth rate and survival rate of coral Acropora sp. transplanted on the artificial dead coral substrate in the waters of Baai Island, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Ocean Life 4: 17-23. Coral reefs are organisms that live on the bottom of the waters that are capable of producing limestone. Transplantation is a technique to accelerate the regeneration of coral reefs that can be used to protect coastal areas and marine life and improve the quality of coral habitat. This study aims to determine the survival rate, growth, and growth rate of height and width of Acropora sp. reared using transplantation technology. The usefulness of this research is as one of the basic information about the use of transplantation in the maintenance of coral reefs. The research location is on Baai Island at a depth of 2 m. This study used an experimental method utilizing a transplant technique and five treatments. At the end of the study, the survival rate of coral reefs Acropora sp. at the end of the study was 92%. For three months, the growth of coral reef height Acropora sp. ranged from 0.87 to 0.90 cm, while the width ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 cm. The growth rate of the average height of coral reefs Acropora sp. ranged from 0.72 to 0.82 cm, while the average width was 0.72 to 0.76 cm. Based on the ANOVA statistical test results, there was no difference in the growth rate in either height or width for each type of substrate used.
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Over the past several decades, coral reef ecosystems have experienced recurring bleaching events. These events were predominantly caused by thermal anomalies, which vary widely in terms of severity and spatio-temporal distribution. Acropora corals, highly prominent contributors to the structural complexity of Pacific coral reefs, are sensitive to thermal stress. Response of Acropora corals to extremely high temperature has been well documented. However, studies on the effects of moderately high temperature on Acropora corals are limited. In the summer of 2016, a moderate coral bleaching event due to moderately high temperature was observed around Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. The objective of this study was to examine thermal tolerance patterns of Acropora corals, across reefs with low to moderate thermal exposure (degree heating weeks ~2-5°C week). Field surveys on permanent plots were conducted from October 2015 to April 2017 to compare the population dynamics of adult Acropora corals 6 months before and after the bleaching events around Sesoko Island. Variability in thermal stress response was driven primarily by the degree of thermal stress. Wave action and turbidity may have mediated the thermal stress. Tabular and digitate coral morphologies were the most tolerant and susceptible to thermal stress, respectively. Growth inhibition after bleaching was more pronounced in the larger digitate and corymbose coral morphologies. This study indicates that Acropora populations around Sesoko Island can tolerate short-term, moderate thermal challenges.
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Coral diseases represent a significant and increasing threat to coral reefs. Among the most destructive diseases is White Syndrome (WS), which is increasing in distribution and prevalence throughout the Indo-Pacific. The aim of this study was to determine taxonomic and spatial patterns in mortality rates of corals following the 2008 outbreak of WS at Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean. WS mainly affected Acropora plate corals and caused total mortality of 36% of colonies across all surveyed sites and depths. Total mortality varied between sites but was generally much greater in the shallows (0–96% of colonies at 5 m depth) compared to deeper waters (0–30% of colonies at 20 m depth). Site-specific mortality rates were a reflection of the proportion of corals affected by WS at each site during the initial outbreak and were predicted by the initial cover of live Acropora plate cover. The WS outbreak had a selective impact on the coral community. Following the outbreak, live Acropora plate coral cover at 5 m depth decreased significantly from 7.0 to 0.8%, while the cover of other coral taxa remained unchanged. Observations five years after the initial outbreak revealed that total Acropora plate cover remained low and confirmed that corals that lost all their tissue due to WS did not recover. These results demonstrate that WS represents a significant and selective form of coral mortality and highlights the serious threat WS poses to coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific.
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Full moon
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Abstract Long‐term monitoring reveals coral community responses to multiple disturbances that allow us to track their trajectories. We assessed the status of coral communities between 2000 and 2017 in the Sekisei Lagoon and adjacent areas in Okinawa, Japan, using an analysis of monitoring data collected from 196 research sites. Using categorical clustering, we ranked the coral cover in the sites according to five groups: (a) high, (b) intermediate, (c) low, (d) rapidly increasing and (e) unrecovered coral cover. We also identified the composition of assemblage types that were categorized according to the dominant species, and calculated the mean number of Acropora spp. juveniles for each group. Severe declines in the coral cover ranking were observed in response to bleaching events in 2007 and 2016. Although the coral cover rank of the other groups slowly returned to previous levels after the 2007 event, group 5, which accounted for 31% of all sites, did not. Group 5 sites were mainly located in the middle and southern area of the Sekisei Lagoon and along the Ishigaki Island, and were dominated by the Acropora spp., that are more susceptible to disturbances. The intermediate number of Acropora juveniles may also have hindered the recovery of corals in group 5 sites. Our study demonstrated that the coral community composition, in particular the proportion of Acropora spp. and juvenile recruitment, influenced the trajectory of coral cover and, therefore, should be considered when predicting the response of coral communities to climate change scenarios.
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This research was conducted in March 2016 in Pasumpahan Island at district Bungus, Padang city, province of west Sumatera. The purpose of this research was to know the condition of the coral reefs, such as: the percentage of living coral, variety, Uniformity, and domination based on life form of the coral. The method in this research was survey method by using Line Intercept Transect (LIT). It was consisted of three stations where each station was divided into two sub-depth (4 and 8 meters depth). The results show that the form of coral growth consisted of Acropora Branching (ACB), Acropora Encrusting (ACE), Acropora Submassive (ACS), Acropora Digitate (ACD), Acropora Tabulate (ACT), Coral Branching (CB), Coral Massive (CM), Coral Encrusting (CME), Coral Submassive (CS), Coral Foliose (CF), Coral Heliopora (CHL) dan Coral Mushroom (CMR). The condition of coral reefs in Psumpahan Island was good in the dept of 4 meter (60.70%) and in the dept of 8 meter (56.85%). Life form diversiy was moderate (H' 2.99),while domination was low dominace (C 0.15), as well uniformity (E 0:37).
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Sea surface temperatures were warmer throughout 1998 at Sesoko Island, Japan, than in the 10 preceding years. Temperatures peaked at 2.8 °C above average, resulting in extensive coral bleaching and subsequent coral mortality. Using random quadrat surveys, we quantitatively documented the coral community structure one year before and one year after the bleaching event. The 1998 bleaching event reduced coral species richness by 61% and reduced coral cover by 85%. Colony morphology affected bleaching vulnerability and subsequent coral mortality. Finely branched corals were most susceptible, while massive and encrusting colonies survived. Most heavily impacted were the branched Acropora and pocilloporid corals, some of which showed local extinction. We suggest two hypotheses whose synergistic effect may partially explain observed mortality patterns (i.e. preferential survival of thick‐tissued species, and shape‐dependent differences in colony mass‐transfer efficiency). A community‐structural shift occurred on Okinawan reefs, resulting in an increase in the relative abundance of massive and encrusting coral species.
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Coral bleaching
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
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Extinction (optical mineralogy)
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The research of coral reef was conducted in october 2013 in Tikus Island Waters ofBengkulu, Bengkulu Province. This research aim to analyse health of coral based on hardliving coral cover and its. The research used survey method by applying Line InterceptTrasect (LIT) which consisting of three main stations in depth 5 m.The type of coral reef in Tikus Island was fringging reef. Coral lifeform’s found inthe area were Acropora Branching (ACB), Acropora Digitate (ACD), Acropora Encrusting(ACE), Acropora Submassive (ACS), Acropora Tabulate (ACT) Coral Branching (CB), CoralMassive (CM), Coral Submassive (CS), Coral foliose (CF), Coral Encrusting (CE), and Coral MushRoom (CMR). The conditions of coral reef in the depth of 5 m was in good with 73,50percentage. Keywords : Tikus Island, Coral Reef, Acropore
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