A Review of the Institutional Perspective
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Institutional Change
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New institutional economics
This chapter introduces an institutional perspective on sustainability transitions. Sustainability transitions entail the destabilization and de-institutionalization of existing socio-technical regimes in various industries and the creation and diffusion, hence institutionalization, of new, potentially more sustainable socio-technical configurations. Institutional theory thus provides excellent insights into such processes of institutional change, explaining both the durability of current regimes as well as sources of innovation and change. The chapter reviews some of the basic assumptions in research on sustainability transitions and discusses their relationship with and consequences for processes of institutional change. It also outlines different avenues of research in institutional theory that offer fruitful explanations for transition dynamics – for example, organizational fields, institutional logics, institutional work or institutional complexity.
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Research suggests that organizations which are highly conforming and embedded in existing institutional expectations are less likely to change when dominating institutions change. This paper argues that in organizational fields with concentrated sources of institutional pressures organizations may be rule-followers. Despite conforming to prevailing institutional frameworks, these organizations are more likely to engage in acquiescent responses when institutional changes are proposed by dominant institutional constituents. Results of longitudinal empirical analyses support the theory of rule-following. Danish municipalities that conformed to traditional bureaucratic principles of organizing were more likely to adopt changes related to modernization efforts proposed by the government and professional associations.
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Since the new institutional economics is introduced from foreign countries into China,it has gained attentions of all circles.This article discussed how the theory of new institutional economics explains the reality of institutional changes in China.
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This article examines redistributive institutional change in South Africa within the theoretical framework provided by North (1979; 1981; 1991) and Eggertsson (1990). By drawing a distinction between the productive potential of an economy and institutionally feasible production possibilities, we can develop an analytical structure for evaluating how alternative systems of property rights can affect productive activity in South Africa. Although this exercise cannot predict actual outcomes in South Africa, it does accord property rights a central role in a specific theory of institutional change, and accordingly may assist in determining how certain forms of institutional change can influence economic performance in a transitional democracy.
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The subject of this paper is to clarify the conception of institution in the new institutional economics and levels of institutional change.Institution is rules, enforcement mechanism and organizations.Institutional change can be analyzed by four levels,which are institutional arrangements,organizations,institutional environment and informal institutions.
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A perfect institution was the key to the sustainable development of tourism.Under the guidance of the new institutional economics,on the basis of interpretation of the basic theory of institutional change,this paper analyzed effects of institutional change on tourism development,put forward research methods,constructed the framework and the main contents from the four aspects of effects of institutional change,the positive effects or the negative effects,concrete effects,different effects in different regions.
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The theory of Mark and North’s institutional change is the important part of Mark's political economics and new institutional economics.The paper,starting from human nature assumption and contents level,compares the institutional changes of Marx and North in three dimensions: corpus,motives and means;points out the differences,the causes of the differences that exist in two institutional theories,and ends with brief evaluations.
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What explains the nature of institutional change in post-1989 China? Dominant theories of institutional change focus on economic-rationalist, sociopolitical, or historical causes. Yet they have trouble explaining the pattern of institutional change in China. An alternative legitimacy-based perspective is proposed here that provides a more parsimonious and general theory of institutional change for China and potentially for other cases as well.
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