A relapse-prevention program: effects of electromyographic training on high and low levels of state and trait anxiety.
5
Citation
0
Reference
20
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
This study involved 40 college subjects and investigated the effects of EMG training on high and low state- and trait-anxiety scores. At pretreatment assessment subjects were administered the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970). Subjects were treated with EMG training with an established treatment criterion of 3 microvolts. All subjects achieved the treatment criterion within six 20-min. training sessions. Daily homework practice sessions were recorded on behavioral data cards. Two-way analysis of variance indicated significant mean differences on both state and trait anxiety at the conclusion of treatment. Interactions were significant, with EMG affecting subjects high in anxiety differently from subjects low in anxiety. Multiple t tests indicated high state-anxiety scores dropped significantly more than high trait-anxiety scores. A 6-mo. follow-up assessment, employing biweekly mailing of behavioral data cards along with a protective contingency instituted by informing subjects they would be contacted by phone if the data cards were not received, showed that state-anxiety scores remained significantly lower, while trait-anxiety scores returned to pretreatment levels.Keywords:
Trait anxiety
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Trait
Cite
Objective: To evaluate immediate effect of Nadisodhana Pranayama on state anxiety in patients suffering with anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on psychiatric participants (male = 10; female = 12) with age range of 18 to 49 years, age mean ± standard deviation (30.22 ± 09.08). The baseline data were used. The self as control design was followed participants participated in Nadisodhana and Breath awareness for 10 min. the same time for two consecutive days. The sequence of the session was assigned randomly to the participants. The state anxiety was assessed using state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and immediately after each session. Results: Within-group comparison showed that due to alternate nostril breathing and breath awareness, STAI scores reduced or significant reduction of STAI scores in both groups (P < 0.001). In between-group comparison baseline was statistically matched (P = 0.596) whereas after intervention there was significant difference in STAI scores (P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney test). The percentage change of state anxiety was 25% after Nadisodhana whereas 8% after breath awareness. Conclusion: This pilot study shows that both Nadisodhana and breath awareness are effective mind-body practices to reduce state anxiety in patients suffering from anxiety neurosis. However, the immediate effect in reducing state anxiety was better after Nadisodhana (25%) compared to breath awareness (8%).
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Anxiety score
Cite
Citations (7)
Examined the applicability of EMG biofeedback to alleviating subjectively experienced test-taking anxiety along with the effects of relaxation training on locus of control. The Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) was administered to 271 freshman psychology students. Students whose scores indicated high levels of test anxiety were invited to participate. Twenty-seven volunteers were assigned randomly to three groups. Biofeedback (B) Ss received relaxation instructions and EMG biofeedback. Instruction-Control (IC) Ss received instructions alone. A second control group (C) received no treatment. Pre and post measures included the AAT, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Rotter Locus of Control (I-E) Scale. Relaxation training involved eight half-hour sessions, two per week for 4 weeks. B and IC Ss changed significantly from pre to post on the anxiety measures. This was true for specific test-taking anxiety and for general anxiety. C Ss showed no change. On the I-E scale, only IC Ss showed a significant shift toward being more internal.
Locus of control
Biofeedback
Test anxiety
Cite
Citations (27)
Covert
Test anxiety
Cite
Citations (28)
Test anxiety
Relaxation Therapy
Guided imagery
Cite
Citations (44)
Systematic desensitization
Test anxiety
Phobic disorder
Cite
Citations (15)
Test anxiety
Systematic desensitization
Cite
Citations (26)
Background
Anxiety often remains unrecognized or untreated among patients with a chronic illness. Exercise training may help improve anxiety symptoms among patients. We estimated the population effect size for exercise training effects on anxiety and determined whether selected variables of theoretical or practical importance moderate the effect.Methods
Articles published from January 1995 to August 2007 were located using the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Scientific Database, supplemented by additional searches through December 2008 of the following databases: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Forty English-language articles in scholarly journals involving sedentary adults with a chronic illness were selected. They included both an anxiety outcome measured at baseline and after exercise training and random assignment to either an exercise intervention of 3 or more weeks or a comparison condition that lacked exercise. Two co-authors independently calculated the Hedgesdeffect sizes from studies of 2914 patients and extracted information regarding potential moderator variables. Random effects models were used to estimate sampling error and population variance for all analyses.Results
Compared with no treatment conditions, exercise training significantly reduced anxiety symptoms by a mean effect Δ of 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.36). Exercise training programs lasting no more than 12 weeks, using session durations of at least 30 minutes, and an anxiety report time frame greater than the past week resulted in the largest anxiety improvements.Conclusion
Exercise training reduces anxiety symptoms among sedentary patients who have a chronic illness.PsycINFO
Moderation
Cite
Citations (405)
Depression
Cite
Citations (63)
Systematic desensitization
Cite
Citations (39)
The aim of present research is investigating the effects of biofeedback and relaxation in decreasing the anxiety during chemotherapy. It is a field study and semi-experimental (pre-test – post-test with control group). The statistical population includes the women with breast cancer who were hospitalized at Tehran Emam Khomeini Hospital. For sampling 14 subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups of experiment and control. Data were gathered through Spilberger anxiety test as pre-test – post-test. Spilberger anxiety test includes state and trait anxiety so there were 4 groups: state anxiety experiment (SAE), state anxiety control (SAC), trait anxiety experiment (TAE) and trait anxiety control (TAC) groups. Alpha brain waves were measured repeatedly by neurofeedback set in 4 phases during chemotherapy. Manipulation in experiment group was done with two kinds of biofeedback (neurofeedback and skin conductance biofeedback) associated with relaxation. Procedures of the present research were conducted during 3 periods of chemotherapy. Data analyses were done by using statistical methods such as correlated-t (T-test) for anxiety test and anova (analysis of variance for repeated measure: f-test) for Alpha brain waves. In SAE group the amount of t-observed (t = 2.2, p < 0.05) was significant but in SAC group the amount of t-observed (t = −0.076, p < 0.05) was not significant. There was no significant difference between TAE and TAC groups. However, the mean score of trait anxiety in the experiment group decreased after manipulation, while in control group it increased slightly. In experiment group the amount of f-observed for Alpha brain waves (f = 8.731, p < 0.05) was significant and Alpha waves range increased after Manipulation.
Biofeedback
Relaxation Therapy
Cite
Citations (8)