Evaluation of natural killer cell (CD57) as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemistry study
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Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector lymphocytes. NK cells are considered to represent innate immune system. NK cells target and kill aberrant cells such as virally infected and tumorigenic cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of CD57 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to correlate the expression of CD57 with 3 years survival in patients with OSCC.Materials and Methods: About 100 histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC of various grades were divided into two groups, i.e., Group I (dead patients) and Group II (live patients) from the archives of Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. CD57 was detected in these tissues by immunohistochemistry.Result: The results were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient and students unpaired t-test. The mean CD57 labeling index in Group II was significantly higher than that found in Group I (P = 0.000). There was a significant correlation (P = 0.00) in the mean CD57 levels between Groups I and II and prognosis of patient.Conclusion: CD57 could be a good prognostic marker for OSCC patients.Objective To summarize the experience in immunohistochemistry manipulation.Methods Staining 1 200 pathological sections with improved immunohistochemistry method.Results There was accurate localization with clear background in 1 120 sections,93.3% of the total.Conclusions It is helpful to improve the quality of immunohistochemistry using our method
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the technique of assessing the expressed protein in vivo through antigen-antibody reaction. In this technique, a more expressed protein is darkly stained than a less expressed one. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique that involves histological, immunological, and biochemical techniques. IHC with both direct (involving primary antibody) and indirect (involving both primary and secondary antibodies) methods was discussed. A detailed protocol for IHC has been discussed with practical examples of IHC as conducted in our laboratory of growth hormone in pituitary gland, and CD4 and CD8 expressions in uterus. The basic steps for IHC include fixing and embedding the tissue; cutting and mounting the section; deparaffinizing and rehydrating the section; antigen retrieval; immunohistochemical staining; counterstaining (if desired); dehydrating and stabilizing with mounting medium; and viewing the staining under the microscope.
Antigen retrieval
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Immunohistochemistry has become an important tool in research and in surgical pathology. Rapid growth of a new methods in immunohistochemistry supplement traditional histochemical and histological light microscopy investigations. Immunohistochemistry has given pathologists a chance to location different antigens on the cell surface as well as in the cell compartments. The expression of antigens are mostly influenced by factors connected with tissue processing; fixation and embedding. The aim of present article is to show the role of these factors and their influence on some immunohistochemical staining results. Not all the problems are discussed here, the main goal which authors would like to obtain is to show the way how to solve problems which can occur during immunohistochemical staining procedure. They want also to delineate the importance of standardization in immunohistochemistry to make the results more reliable between different laboratories.
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Immunohistochemistry [IHC] is an important application of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen [protein or lipid] by specific antigen/antibody reaction tagged with a visible label. Immunohistochemistry has an expanding role in diagnostic and research laboratories. This article highlights the various applications of IHC in health and diseases and gives more information in the Future directions of immunohistochemistry.
Polyclonal antibodies
Histopathology
Histology
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Objective To discuss the application o immunohistochemistry autostainer in immunohistochemistry.Methods More than 30 kinds of first antibodies of the Pathology Department,such as AAT,CerBb-2,CK,HBcAg,ER,PR,Ki-67,and unified second antibodies were selected.Immunohistochemistry autostainer and manual operation were applied to the staining of the antibodies,and then the results by the above methods were compared.Results The antibodies stained by immunohistochemistry autostainer,gifted with clear background,no edge effect,uniform staining and accurate positive results,were all better than those by manual operation from all aspects.Conclusion Immunohistochemistry autostainer is highly automatic,time-saving,manpower-saving,repeatable and highly standardized.
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In the diagnosis of clinical pathology,immunohistochemistry(IHC) is a very important technology and tools.The immunohistochemical technique used in the pathological diagnosis started the 1970s,pathologist diagnosis of tumor classification,prognosis had a huge impact,but also extends the understanding of the people for various diseases and tumor formationpathological diagnosis and research..However,with the extensive application of immunohistochemistry,the immunohistochemical technique have some limitations.In-depth study of the principles and techniques of immunohistochemistry,familiar with all kinds of really positive antibody reaction site,and inter-laboratory standardization of immunohistochemistry,play the largest role in support of immunohistochemistry in the pathological diagnosis.This article on the above issues as follows.
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important application of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen of interest in health and disease. IHC is widely used for diagnosis of cancers; specific tumor antigens are expressed de novo or up-regulated in certain cancers. This article deals with the various applications of IHC in diagnosis of diseases, with IHC playing an important role in diagnostic and research laboratories.
Polyclonal antibodies
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