Improved conductivity and capacitance of interdigital carbon microelectrodes through integration with carbon nanotubes for micro-supercapacitors
Yanjuan YangLiang HeChunjuan TangPing HuXufeng HongMengyu YanYixiao DongXiaocong TianQiulong WeiLiqiang Mai
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A simple and scalable method has been developed to fabricate nanostructured MnO2-carbon nanotube (CNT)-sponge hybrid electrodes. A novel supercapacitor, henceforth referred to as "sponge supercapacitor", has been fabricated using these hybrid electrodes with remarkable performance. A specific capacitance of 1,230 F/g (based on the mass of MnO2) can be reached. Capacitors based on CNT-sponge substrates (without MnO2) can be operated even under a high scan rate of 200 V/s, and they exhibit outstanding cycle performance with only 2% degradation after 100,000 cycles under a scan rate of 10 V/s. The MnO2-CNT-sponge supercapacitors show only 4% of degradation after 10,000 cycles at a charge-discharge specific current of 5 A/g. The specific power and energy of the MnO2-CNT-sponge supercapacitors are high with values of 63 kW/kg and 31 Wh/kg, respectively. The attractive performances exhibited by these sponge supercapacitors make them potentially promising candidates for future energy storage systems.
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This paper reports a new technology for the formation of various 3-dimensional positive photoresist structures with simple photolithography by using UV-insensitive sacrificial photoresist and its selective development in specific developer solution with combination of multi-exposure and single development technique. We have successfully implemented various 3-dimensional photoresist structures including recessed cantilevers, suspended bridges and complex plates with micro-pits or micro-villi, which are utilized as micro master molds for PDMS microfluidic components.
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The fabrication of a high energy density supercapacitor with electrodes bearing ultrahigh aspect ratio active materials is still a big challenge. Here, we successfully developed ultralong and millimeter-thick supercapacitors, which enable practical applications due to the large electrochemical volumetric capacitance overcoming the limits of previous carbon-based materials. The gel graphene oxide fibers (GOFs) with an ultrahigh aspect ratio of over 20,000,000 were completely reduced at room temperature and biscrolled with a conductive Korean traditional paper used as the matrix material for the supercapacitors without any post-treatment. The average cell capacitance value of the yarn-type supercapacitors containing 80 reduced GOFs is maximized at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. The capacitance measured at a scan rate of 1000 mV/s is over 75% of that measured at 100 mV/s.
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Multichannel flexible neural microelectrodes were designed and fabricated,and their fabrication processes were also studied.A microfabrication technology was introduced to manufacture flexible microelectrodes based on a new flexible substrate material,parylene C,due to its excellent electrical insulating,mechanical and biocompatible properties,and a 36-channel flexible neural microelectrode was fabricated with the arrangement in a 6×6 square grid pattern.The size of microelectrode was Φ150 μm(circular) and 150 μm×150 μm(squre),respectively,and the line width of metal trace was 30 μm.It was found that the microelectrode shows a smooth surface and a distinct outline.A electrtical test indicates that the impedance of microelectrode is only 7 kΩ or so,and it reduceds as frequency increasing,which is an excellent high-pass behavior.Moreover,the microelectrode and a flexible substrate can be integrated by the microfabrication technology.The microelectrode is suitable for the application in retinal prostheses,for it has a good quality and excellent electrical properties.
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The surface characteristics of the carbon nanotube thin films (CNTFs) electrodes have been treated with the oxygen plasma to successfully demonstrate, the greater specific capacitance of the supercapacitors. With the treatment time of 60 s, the specific capacitance could raise from 23.7 to 49.3 F g−1 with respect to the as-sprayed CNTFs under the cyclic voltammetry measurement. The improvement ratio in specific capacitance of plasma-treated supercapacitor as compare to none-treated supercapacitor was 2.1 times under condition of 1 M Na2SO4 solution at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. The capacitance retention remain about 96.5% after 5000 cycles at current density of 1 A g−1. Hence, this study exhibited that the modified CNTFs as the electrodes of supercapacitors are promising in the future developments for the energy-storage devices.
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