A Study of MVNO Data Paths and Performance
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The performance of a cellular network can be significantly improved by employing many base stations (BSs), which shortens transmission distances. However, there exist no known results on quantifying the performance gains from deploying many BSs. To address this issue, we adopt a stochastic-geometry model of the downlink cellular network and analyze the mobile outage probability. Specifically, given Poisson distributed BSs, the outage probability is shown to diminish inversely with the increasing ratio between the BS and mobile densities. Furthermore, we analyze the optimal tradeoff between the performance gain from increasing the BS density and the resultant network cost accounting for energy consumption, BS hardware and backhaul cables. The optimal BS density is proved to be proportional to the square root of the mobile density and the inverse of the square root of the cost factors considered.
Backhaul (telecommunications)
Stochastic geometry
Square root
Outage Probability
Coverage probability
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Cellular communications has experienced an explosive growth recently. In order to increase the capacity of a cellular network without new frequency spectrum allocation, it is a common practice to use base stations with a lower power transmitter. Cell splitting is one of such techniques, which increases the network capacity four-fold by dividing a cell into four smaller cells. Although the cell splitting technique can reuse the existing base stations, it requires that those existing base stations be uniformly distributed. In addition, the radius of each new cell is always half that of the original cell. In this paper, it is assumed that the radius of new cells can be of any smaller size, and that the existing base stations are not necessarily uniformly distributed. While new base stations can be placed at the cell centers based on the design of the new cellular network, existing base stations should be put as close to a cell center as possible in the new cellular network. The problem to be solved, referred to as the optimal cellular network deployment, can be formulated as follows: given a set of existing base stations and a planned cellular network that has a fixed cell size and network orientation but is movable, find a position to fix the movable cellular network such that the maximum distance between existing base stations and their corresponding cell centers is minimized. This paper shows that the optimal cellular network deployment problem can be solved in O(n 3 ) time if n existing base stations will be reused.
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Mobile cellular CDMA networks for tactical applications require mobile base stations in order to provide communications on the move. Because of the mobility of the base stations, power balancing among the transmitters at different base stations is more difficult than in commercial cellular CDMA systems. Handoff of mobiles among base stations is also more difficult, primarily due to the mobility and the resulting lack of a high-speed wire-line network to interconnect the base stations. One important consequence is a higher likelihood of strong interference in the mobile receivers due to transmissions from neighboring base stations. In this paper the sensitivity to interference from neighboring base stations is investigated for the forward channels of a mobile cellular CDMA network.
Near-far problem
Cellular traffic
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Concept of Green communication is emerged from negative impact of wireless communication on the environment. Green communication through green networking can be implemented for making cellular network energy efficient. Green network system can be designed by using energy efficient networking approaches with minimum usage of radio resources. Observations from the recent studies suggest that a base station is the principal contributor of the energy consumption in cellular network. This paper presents a brief survey of different types of base stations and various methods to enhance the energy efficiency of a cellular network base station. Lastly, this paper is focusing on a brief introduction of power saving algorithms.
Cellular communication
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5G cellular networks are expected to provide higher spectral efficiency and seamless connectivity to every subscriber. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and accommodate more cellular users. The cellular users near to the base station are always connected to the network due to the strong signal strength whereas users far from the base station suffer from poor signal reception. In order to mitigate this problem, in this paper, a coordinated multi-point NOMA cellular network with multiple cell edge-users is considered. In this system model, a practical scenario in which edge-users coordinate with two base stations is considered and nearby users are connected with the respective base station. The performance metrics such as outage probability and system capacity are derived for this system model. In addition, an algorithm has been proposed for the Nakagami-m fading channel to find these performance metrics by simulations. Numerical results show that the outage performance and data rate of the cellular users are better in the proposed coordinated system than the conventional uncoordinated system.
noma
Spectral Efficiency
Nakagami distribution
Outage Probability
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With increasing demands for mobile data traffic, many base stations (BSs) consume a significant amount of electrical power with a lot of electricity bill. Many practical solutions include sharing BSs among mobile network operators (MNOs), in which an MNO's BS allows to serve traffic from nearby user
Cellular traffic
Base (topology)
Bike Sharing
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Carbon Footprint
Cellular traffic
LTE Advanced
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We consider a cellular network in which base station positions, power levels and coverage areas are highly inhomogeneous or irregular - referred to in this paper as an irregular network. An adaptive algorithmic framework for resource allocation in irregular networks is discussed. Specifically, the framework is based on dynamically forming clusters of coordinating cells. As part of the overall framework, we implement an algorithm for cell outage compensation (COC) that is appropriate for irregular networks. The COC algorithm determines the base station power levels, outage user cell associations and a compensating cluster, and achieves robustness against cell outage.
Robustness
Cellular radio
Outage Probability
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During low user demand, significant energy can be saved in a cellular network by using base station switching (BSS). However, coverage restrictions limit the number of base stations (BSs) a cellular operator can turn off. In this work, we examine the scenario when multiple cellular operators cooperate by sharing the load of their users with BSS (for example, on weekends). We show that significantly more energy can be saved by performing BSS with load sharing between the cellular operators. We formulate this cooperative BSS as an optimization problem. Further, for suitable service level agreements between the cellular operators, we show that the proposed optimization problem is real time solvable. Finally, we present results that quantify the achievable gains obtained by BSS with cooperation among the cellular operators. We also present the rate and coverage trade-off results which can be used by the cooperative cellular operators to find suitable points of operation.
Cellular traffic
Operator (biology)
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