Acute hemorrhagic rubella. Report of a virologically confirmed case in an adult.
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Objective To discover a rapid MRT method for diagnosis of measles,rubella,and mumps infection. Methods MRT-PCR method was developed for detection of measles virus,rubella virus,and mumps virus. Results The measles vaccine strain(Shanghai-191),rubella vaccine strain(BRD Ⅱ),mumps vaccine strain(S_(79)),the live attenuated measles-rubella-mumps vaccines and the clinical samples collected from the measles,rubella,and mumps patients were analyzed.The amplified fragments of measles virus,rubella virus,and mumps virus in one reaction were 635bp,411bp,and 519bp respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity of this method to detect measles virus,rubella virus,and mumps virus was 1TCID_(50),1TCID_(50),and 1TCID_(50) respectively.We developed a specific,sensitive,and rapid MRT-PCR method for diagnosis of measles,rubella,and mumps infection.
Mumps virus
Rubella virus
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57 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero cell line or Vero/SLAM cell line from patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics in 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007. Fragments of 1107 nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis based on 739 nucleotides showed that out of 57 Chinese rubella virus strains, 55 belong to a distinguish branch of 1E genotype when comparing with 1E genotype rubella strains from other countries, and the other 2 Chinese rubella virus strains belong to 2B genotype. Most of the nucleotide mutations of 57 rubella viruses were silent mutations, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. Except one amino acid change (Thr212 --> Ser212) in two rubella viruses at the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes, there had no change found at the important antigenic epitope sites of the other rubella viruses. 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated from 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007, and two imported 2B genotype rubella viruses from Vietnam suggested that 1E genotype was the predominant genotype in this period of time. The rubella virus genotypes circulated during 2003 to 2007 were different from that circulating during 1979 to 1984 and 1999 to 2002, the rubella prevailed in recent years was mainly caused by 1E genotype rubella viruses with multi-transmission routes.
Rubella virus
Vero cell
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Rubella virus (RV) isolation is recommended by the WHO Measles and Rubella Labnet for studying the etiology and epidemiology of rubella. However, the absence of cytopathologic effects (CPE) in many of the cell lines used commonly makes it difficult to confirm RV growth. In this study, two assays amplifying RV cDNA were developed and validated in order to confirm and genotype RV isolates after cell culture. A SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR (Rtime-SGE317) was established for initial rapid detection of RV in Vero cells and a nested PCR (PCR-E860) was used for amplifying further the 739 nt window of the E1 gene for the identification of RV genotype as recommended by the WHO. Sensitivities of the two assays were evaluated using eight RV isolates, two from infants with the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and six from patients with acute rubella. All the isolates had cycle threshold (C(t)) values <37 after the third passage, which is recommended as the cut-off for the confirmation of a viable RV isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 739 nt window generated by the PCR-E860 showed that the eight RV isolates belonged to genotypes 1E, 1G, and 2B. The Rtime-SGE317 assay can be carried out in local public health laboratories, which would extend the molecular surveillance of rubella and contribute to the WHO goal of eradicating rubella worldwide.
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In the surveillance of rubella in the northwest region of Russia samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from 37 patients with rubella, which were treated in the 442nd district military hospital named after Z.P. Solovyov in autumn 2007 were screened for the rubella virus using RK-13 cell line, 22 strains of rubella virus were isolated. Gene sequencing of E1 region of rubella virus isolates was carried out. Rubella virus strains isolated in St. Petersburg during the 2007 outbreak belonged to rubella virus genotype 1E. The morphogenesis of RK-13 cells with formation of replication complexes and enveloped virions of rubella virus was shown.
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St petersburg
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Abstract Rubella virus (RV) is an important human pathogen that causes rubella, an acute contagious disease. It also causes severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here, we present the phylogenetic analysis of RV that circulated in São Paulo during the 2007–2008 outbreak. Samples collected from patients diagnosed with rubella were isolated in cell culture and sequenced. RV RNA was obtained from samples or RV‐infected cell cultures and amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis using RV reference sequences. Seventeen sequences were analyzed, and three genotypes were identified: 1a, 1G, and 2B. Genotypes 1a and 1G, which were isolated in 2007, were responsible for sporadic rubella cases in São Paulo. Thereafter, in late 2007, the epidemiological conditions changed, resulting in a large RV outbreak with the clear dominance of genotype 2B. The results of this study provide new approaches for monitoring the progress of elimination of rubella from São Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:1666–1671, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Congenital rubella syndrome
Rubella virus
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During the outbreak of rubella in Turin in 1973, 110 newborns, whose mother's pregnancy clash with the epidemic, were studied for the elimination of rubella virus. 708 samples were in total examined, through inoculation in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney (and study of the possible interference with ECHO-virus type 11), and partially in RK 13 and SIRC continuous cell lines. No strain of rubella virus was isolated, and the Authors conclude that the virus involved was particularly benign from a teratogenetic point of view.
Rubella virus
Rubella vaccine
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Rubella virus
TaqMan
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