[Suppressive effects of ionizing radiation on immunoproductive cells in laboratory mice].
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The very sensitive Jerne method of detecting the plaque-forming cells was used in the study of the immunosuppressive effect of ionizing radiation on laboratory mice. A significant immunosuppression was obtained after irradiation of the individual groups of mice with 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Successive regeneration of the immunity system occurred after 42 hours only in the groups of mice irradiated with 3 and 4 Gy. mice; ionizing radiation; immunoproductive cells; Jerne method.Keywords:
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The data reported in this study demonstrate that the vaccination of NIH/Nmri mice with viable Mycobacterium bovis BCG organisms induces a state of immunosuppression that renders the recipient animals incapable of a protective immune response to the malaria sporozoite vaccine. The expression of this altered protective immune response is dependent upon the dosage of the two live vaccines, as well as upon the sequence of their administration. Data presented here show that the skin test responses (Arthus and delayed type) of BCG-vaccinated mice do not correlate with the suppression of sporozoite immunity. Evidence is also presented to support the hypothesis that the abrogated immune response to sporozoite vaccination induced by BCG is a result of a loss of immunological memory.
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Planarian
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Journal Article Immunosuppression in Gambian trypanosomiasis Get access B.M. Greenwood, B.M. Greenwood The Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, and the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna, Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H.C. Whittle, H.C. Whittle The Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, and the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna, Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.H. Molyneux D.H. Molyneux The Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, and the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna, Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 67, Issue 6, 1973, Pages 846–850, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(73)90013-8 Published: 01 January 1973
Tropical Medicine
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Metazoan lineages exhibit a wide range of regenerative capabilities that vary among developmental stage and tissue type. The most robust regenerative abilities are apparent in the phyla Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, and Echinodermata, whose members are capable of whole-body regeneration (WBR). This phenomenon has been well characterized in planarian and hydra models, but the molecular mechanisms of WBR are less established within echinoderms, or any other deuterostome system. Thus, it is not clear to what degree aspects of this regenerative ability are shared among metazoa. We characterize regeneration in the larval stage of the Bat Star (Patiria miniata). Following bisection along the anterior-posterior axis, larvae progress through phases of wound healing and re-proportioning of larval tissues. The overall number of proliferating cells is reduced following bisection, and we find evidence for a re-deployment of genes with known roles in embryonic axial patterning. Following axial respecification, we observe a significant localization of proliferating cells to the wound region. Analyses of transcriptome data highlight the molecular signatures of functions that are common to regeneration, including specific signaling pathways and cell cycle controls. Notably, we find evidence for temporal similarities among orthologous genes involved in regeneration from published Platyhelminth and Cnidarian regeneration datasets. These analyses show that sea star larval regeneration includes phases of wound response, axis respecification, and wound-proximal proliferation. Commonalities of the overall process of regeneration, as well as gene usage between this deuterostome and other species with divergent evolutionary origins reveal a deep similarity of whole-body regeneration among the metazoa.
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C57B1/6 mice were immunosuppressed with antilymphocyte globulin and prednisolone around the time of infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) or from 18 to 30 days after infection. Mice immunosuppressed around the time of CMV infection developed humoral immunity (HI) but not cell-mediated immunity to CMV. The ability of spleen cells to transform to nonspecific mitogens was also depressed in immunosuppressed mice. If mice were immunosuppressed from 18 to 30 days after infection, a time they are known to have CMI to CMV, the CMI disappeared and remained low for the duration of the study (67 days after infection). However, HI was not affected. Transformation of spleen cells to nonspecific mitogens similarly remained low. These studies demonstrate that immunosuppression can abrogate CMI but not HI to CMV.
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Cytomegalovirus
Humoral immunity
Cellular immunity
Prednisolone
Cell mediated immunity
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Summary Immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation results in impaired T‐cell immunity and risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). The B‐cell targeting antibody rituximab has efficacy in PTLD. As B cells are the principle reservoir for EBV, we investigated the effect of rituximab on the persistence of EBV‐specific CD8 + T‐cell immunity. To avoid the confounding factor of concurrent immunosuppression to prevent transplant rejection, immunity was analysed in non‐transplanted lymphoma patients (i.e. a non‐PTLD setting). Cytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cell immunity was assessed as an internal control. Our data demonstrated that circulating B cells were not critical for maintaining EBV‐specific T‐cell immunity.
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A rejection response of peripheral nerve allografts eliminates the Schwann cells without destroying the tubular architecture and leads to a regeneration of inferior quality. Under immunosuppression this rejection is prevented, and allogenic Schwann cells persist in the grafts, leading to a better regeneration result. In adult rats of the strains DA and LEW.1W, a 2,5 cm segment of the sciatic nerve was grafted. Under Cyclosporin A regeneration was allowed to take place for 12 weeks. Thereafter, immunosuppression was discontinued in one group and gradually reduced in another. Regeneration quality was compared after an additional six weeks in comparison to an autologous control. Best regeneration was observed in the autologous control; no statistical differences were observed between the two experimental groups. Gradual reduction of immunosuppression did not result in an atraumatic replacement of donor derived Schwann cells by recipient derived ones. Allogenic nerve grafting needs continuous immunosuppression, which to date precludes it from clinical application.
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To discuss peripheral nerve regeneration under immunosuppression.Current research trends about relationship between peripheral nerve injury and immunoreaction, the experimental result of nerve regeneration after using various immunosuppressors, and the clinical findings after human allogenous hand transplantation were extensively reviewed.Peripheral nerve regeneration was accelerated under immunosuppression.Peripheral nerve injury may induce immunoreaction, which inhibit nerve regeneration and function recovery.
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Peripheral nerve injury
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As far as mentioned by Morgan1 and Brindley: which are the only two recent accounts, known to me, that attempt to refer in an inclusive way to the recorded observations and experiments on regeneration in insects, all3 the work done on regeneration of the legs in insects with complete metamorphosis has been limited to making mutilations of the larval legs and noting what, if any, effect was apparent in the legs of the imago.There are several accounts of such observations, and some of these accounts are, curiously enough, of comparatively recent date.I say
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