[Prevalence and intensity of smoking among adult urban population of Tiumen': data of population mail questionnaire survey].
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To estimate prevalence and intensity of smoking among adult Tyumen citizens by mail questionnaire survey.A representative sample of adult population of Tyumen (central district) was randomly selected using the list of the electors. The questioning covered a total of 3200 citizens (8 groups per 400 age- and sex-matched subjects). The response reached 71.5%. Smoking in the population was studied in three aspects: prevalence, intensity and passive smoking.Overall prevalence of smoking was not great (28.8%), but smoking was frequent in women, especially young, was intensive in males of all the age groups. The number of smokers who had quit smoking was small. Passive smoking at jobs was prevalent.The data of the survey indicate difficulties of social adaptation for the studied population who fall under risk to develop cardiovascular diseases.Keywords:
Questionnaire
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Among young adults, use of hookah tobacco (HT) is an emerging health-risk behavior. The goals were to demonstrate that (1) the prevalence of ever-use and current use of HT increased among U.S. young adults (18-30 years old) in the period from 2010 to 2015 and (2) the patterns of HT use differed across diverse demographic subpopulations of young adults.We merged and analyzed data from the 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The sample (n = 55,352) was representative of the young adult population in the U.S. Two binary measures were the ever and current use of HT. The significance level was 5%.The rate of current use of HT increased from 1% in 2010-11 to 2% in 2014-15 (CI = 0.6%:1.1%). The rate of ever-use increased from 7% to 12% (CI = 4.2%:5.6%). The over-time increase was not uniform: the increase was most rapid among 26-30 year-old adults, non-Hispanic Black and African American adults, and in Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. regions. HT ever-use, overall, was associated (all p's < 0.001) with many sociodemographic factors and current tobacco-use behaviors. The rate of HT ever-use was 16% for daily and 23% for occasional cigarette smokers, 23% for users of smokeless tobacco products, 37% for cigar smokers, and 55% for smokers of regular pipe (filled with tobacco).HT use is becoming increasingly more popular among young adults in the U.S. Methods should target not only cessation of cigarette smoking but use of all tobacco products.
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To monitor smoking prevalence and trends of young and adult populations in Italy. METHOD AND STUDY DESIGN: A survey on smoking was conducted during March-April 2009 on a sample of 3213 participants (1546 men and 1667 women), representative of the Italian population aged 15 years or over. Data from a simplified questionnaire were collected in an over-sample of 1010 young individuals, reaching a total of 1390 participants aged 15-24 years (713 males and 677 females).In 2009, 25.4% of Italians described themselves as current cigarette smokers (28.9% of men and 22.3% of women). Among young people, male smoking prevalence steadily declined from 38% in 2001 to 29% in 2009. Smoking prevalence in young females decreased from 30% in 2001 to 19% in 2008, but increased to 23% in 2009. Among both males and females aged 15-17 years, smoking prevalence was around 10%. This increased in the 18-24 year age group, with 37.6% of current smokers among males and 28.9% among females. Among young current smokers, 45.5% reported that they would reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, 11.1% would quit smoking, and 4.3% would switch to hand-rolled cigarettes, assuming that the minimum price of a pack of cigarettes increased to € 5.Our findings indicate that smoking prevalence has decreased over recent years, particularly in the young. Still, over one-fourth of Italian adults are smokers. An increase in cigarette price represents an effective strategy to control tobacco, particularly in the young.
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We aimed to estimate the individual and joint impact of age, marital status and diagnosis with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on HIV acquisition among young women at a population level in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A total of 3,978 HIV seronegative women were recruited for four biomedical intervention trials from 2002–2009. Point and interval estimates of partial population attributable risk (PAR) were used to quantify the proportion of HIV seroconversions which can be prevented if a combination of risk factors is eliminated from a target population. More than 70% of the observed HIV acquisitions were collectively attributed to the three risk factors: younger age (<25 years old), unmarried and not cohabiting with a stable/regular partner and diagnosis with STIs. Addressing these risks requires targeted structural, behavioural, biomedical and cultural interventions in order to impact on unacceptably high HIV incidence rates among young women and the population as a whole.
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The paper describes the development of an age-structured model of the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in a male homosexual population with age-dependent rates of sexual partner acquisition, and explores the properties of the model by means of numerical methods. Age-dependency in rates of sexual partner change acts to increase the initial growth rate of the epidemic and raises the equilibrium level of endemic infection in the population when compared with the prediction of a model without age structure but with identical initial overall population mean rate of partner acquisition. In addition, age-dependency in sexual activity acts to induce demographic changes in the population where the younger more sexually active males represent an increasing proportion of the population as the epidemic develops over time. One consequence of this is an increase in the overall population mean rate of sexual partner change as a direct result of the mortality induced by AIDS in the older less sexually active classes who acquired infection at a younger age. The results are discussed in relation to the interpretation of current patterns of HIV-1 spread and the acquisition of quantitative information on sexual behaviour.
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Traditionally, population behavioral characteristics are reported at the individual level. However, just like diseases, the combination of multiple adverse risk factors, even though they are often highly correlated, presents a different challenge and impact on community health than examining these same behaviors in isolation. We analyzed 5 risk factors in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey; smoking (currently a smoker), inactivity (no physical activity outside of work), excessive alcohol consumption (for women, 4 or more drinks in one sitting or an average of greater than one drink per day; for men, 5 or more drinks in one sitting or an average of greater than two drinks per day), obesity (BMI >=30), and insufficient sleep (< 7 hours per night). These five measures were selected because of their strong association with heart and other disease. We studied the frequency of multiple factors by state, sex, race, urbanicity, educational attainment and income. The attached map illustrates the variation among states in the prevalence of 3 or more risk factors in the population. In Utah, Colorado, and California, less than 9% of the population has 3 or more; in Arkansas, Louisiana, Kentucky and Mississippi, 16% or more of the population has 3 or more of these risk factors. Among demographic subpopulations, differences also exist. For non-Hispanic Asian population 4.5% (CI:3.5%-5.4%) have 3 or more risk factors compared to 16% or more exhibiting 3 or more risk factors in the non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Native, and non-Hispanic multi-racial populations. The variation among these subpopulations within states was also explored. Understanding the distribution of multiple adverse risk factors within a state’s population can help guide the efforts of public health officials, policy makers, advocacy groups and others to focus on the most affected populations and develop interventions that address multiple related conditions.
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To describe the smoking prevalence by key socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, education, labour status, income and socioeconomic deprivation) in New Zealand in 2013 and make comparisons with 2006.Data on cigarette smoking and key socio-demographics variables were obtained from the 2013 New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings. Age standardised smoking prevalence rates were calculated by gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation using the WHO Population Standard. Results were compared against 2006 Census data to identify changes in smoking prevalence.In 2013, around one in seven (15.1%) of New Zealand adults aged 15 years and older reported that they were regular smokers (smoked one or more cigarettes per day), a 5.6% absolute decrease in the smoking prevalence since the previous Census in 2006. The number of regular adult smokers dropped from 597,792 in 2006 to 463,194 in 2013, a 22.5% decrease. Falls in smoking prevalence occurred among all demographic sub-groups, including Māori and young adults. There were substantial disparities in smoking by age, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Māori continue to have the highest age-standardised smoking prevalence (32.4%), with the highest prevalence (43.1%) among young Māori women aged 25 to 29 years. Decreases in smoking prevalence were greater between 2006 and 2013 than between 1996 and 2006.The findings suggest that the decline in smoking prevalence is accelerating in New Zealand, including among high priority groups like Māori, Pacific peoples and young adults. This study confirms the value of census data for understanding patterns of tobacco use in New Zealand, to inform effective intervention development and monitoring progress towards the Smokefree 2025 goal.
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Aims and Background Although smoking has been on the decline in Italy, its prevalence is still high among younger individuals. We analyzed data from the 2007 tobacco survey and present the findings on smoking prevalence by selected characteristics, with a particular focus on the young. Methods The data were collected from 3,057 Italians aged 15 years and older in March and April 2007 who were randomly selected to be representative of the general Italian population. The prevalence of self-reported current smoking was estimated overall and by age group, education, geographic region, and gender. Additionally, intentions to quit and trends in smoking in the total population and among individuals aged 15–24 years were estimated. Results The smoking prevalence overall was 23.5% (27.9% among males and 19.3% among females), with higher estimates among adults living in central regions and among men with a lower educational level. Among individuals aged 15–24 years, since 2001 the male prevalence has fluctuated between 30% and 35% and the female prevalence between 20% and 25%. Overall, the prevalence decreased by approximately 40% in this age group. A small percentage (3.3%) reported having intention to quit smoking in the next 6 months. Conclusions The smoking prevalence is the lowest estimate reported since 1957, and the gap between men and women has diminished. Compared to earlier birth cohorts, the lower current estimate among younger adults suggests that the rates will decrease in the future.
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Smoking prevalence among Korean men in their thirties is substantially high (approximately 50%). An in-depth analysis of smoking trends among young adults in their twenties is necessary to devise antismoking policies for the next 10 years. This study aimed to identify the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort effects on smoking prevalence in young adults.Subjects comprised 181,136 adults (83,947 men: 46.3%; 97,189 women: 53.7%) aged 19 to 30 years from the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey. Smoking prevalence adjusted with reference to the 2008 population was applied to the age-period-cohort (APC) model to identify the independent effects of each factor.For men, smoking prevalence rapidly escalated among subjects aged 19 to 22 years and slowed down among those aged 23 to 30 years, declined during 2008 to 2010 but stabilized during 2011 to 2013, and declined in birth cohorts prior to 1988 but stabilized in subjects born after 1988. However, in APC models, smoking prevalence increased with age in the 1988 to 1991 birth cohort. In this birth cohort, smoking prevalence at age 19 to 20 years was approximately 24% but increased to 40% when the subjects turned 23 to 24 years. For women, smoking prevalence was too low to generate consistent results.Over the past six years and in recent birth cohorts, smoking prevalence in adults aged 19 to 30 years has declined and is stable. Smoking prevalence should be more closely followed as it remains susceptible to an increase depending on antismoking policies or social conditions.
Smoking prevalence
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To monitor smoking prevalence and trends of young and adult populations in Italy. METHOD AND STUDY DESIGN: A survey on smoking was conducted during March-April 2009 on a sample of 3213 participants (1546 men and 1667 women), representative of the Italian population aged 15 years or over. Data from a simplified questionnaire were collected in an over-sample of 1010 young individuals, reaching a total of 1390 participants aged 15-24 years (713 males and 677 females).In 2009, 25.4% of Italians described themselves as current cigarette smokers (28.9% of men and 22.3% of women). Among young people, male smoking prevalence steadily declined from 38% in 2001 to 29% in 2009. Smoking prevalence in young females decreased from 30% in 2001 to 19% in 2008, but increased to 23% in 2009. Among both males and females aged 15-17 years, smoking prevalence was around 10%. This increased in the 18-24 year age group, with 37.6% of current smokers among males and 28.9% among females. Among young current smokers, 45.5% reported that they would reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, 11.1% would quit smoking, and 4.3% would switch to hand-rolled cigarettes, assuming that the minimum price of a pack of cigarettes increased to € 5.Our findings indicate that smoking prevalence has decreased over recent years, particularly in the young. Still, over one-fourth of Italian adults are smokers. An increase in cigarette price represents an effective strategy to control tobacco, particularly in the young.
Smoking prevalence
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Smoking prevalence
Cross-sectional study
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