Primary breast cancer of the vulva.
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Abstract:
Adenocarcinoma originating in a focus of mammary tissue in the vulva is an extremely rare occurrence. Only three such cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, the fourth example of a primary cancer developing in vulvar mammary tissue is described. Extension to regional lymph nodes is documented, as well as the presence of estrogen receptors in this tumor. Immunohistochemical evidence is rendered supporting an origin from mammary anlage.Keywords:
Vulvar neoplasm
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Estrogen Receptor Analysis in Fine Needle Aspirates and Frozen Sections from Human Breast Carcinomas
The expression of sex steroid hormone receptors by neoplastic cells is an important predictor of response to hormone therapy. Thus, the selection of treatment modality is often based on the identification of receptors in tumor tissue. Various monoclonal antibodies of high specificity are now available for analyzing the estrogen receptor (ER). With these antibodies, biochemical enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry using histologic sections have been used for ER analysis. We used fine needle aspirates from 15 human primary breast carinomas for the analysis of ERs. The semiquantitative receptor values obtained in cytologic specimens were correlated well with those from histologic specimens. The results of ER in fine needle aspirates were concordant with ER in histologic specimens(r=0.94). Only three cases showed a little difference in staining intensity and proportion of positive cells. Our results showed a good correlation between the receptor values determined in cytologic smears and those determined in tissue sections. It is suggested that measurement of the ER in cytologic smears may be a reliable technique which can be performed on aspiration cytologic samples.
Progesterone receptor
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Grading (engineering)
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Progesterone receptor
Breast disease
Hormonal Therapy
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Objective To compare immunohistochemical(IHC) profiles(ER, PR, Her2) of breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to assess the subsequent effects on hormone receptor status. Methods Expressions of ER,PR,Her2 of 54 patients with breast cancer were measured before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Results Of the 54 carcinomas, there were 48.1% positivity for ER pre-neoadjuvant therapy and 44.4% positivity forpost-treatment(P=0.7), 40.1% positivity for PR pre-neoadjuvant therapy and 22.2% positivity for post-treatment(P=0.038), and 63% positivity for HER2 IHC pre-treatment and 61% positivity for post-treatment(P=0.843). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has no effect on the profiles for ER, Her2 IHC in primary breast carcinomas, and further investigation is warranted to assess reproducibility of technique and investigate clinical implications of significant loss of PR status.
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Using immunohistochemistry the localization and expression intensity of COX2 were evaluated in mammary adenocarcinomas in bitches. The obtained results were related to the tumour malignancy grades. Material for the studies was sampled in the course of surgery from bitches of various strains which developed the primary mammary tumour. In cytoplasm of mammary adenocarcinoma cells the presence of COX2 was disclosed in 74% of the examined tumours. Augmented expression of COX2 was noted in samples of tumours demonstrating high grades of malignancy. A moderate positive correlation was disclosed between expression of COX2 and the grade of histological malignancy (r = 0.41), which might point to the involvement of the enzyme in neoplastic transformation of cells in the mammary glands.
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Estrogen receptor (ER) is a prognostic and predictive biomarker, which has been known for 40 years. The detection method has developed over the years from different biochemical assays (BCA) to immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin embedded tissue. The aim of the present study is to describe the development in ER analysis in the Danish Breast Cancer cooperative Group (DBCG), in the period of 1977 to 2006, regarding quantity and method of analyses. To compare BCA with IHC, and to report the prognosis for low-risk breast cancer patients.In the period of 1991-1993, BCA and IHC were both performed on 2 364 tumours from breast cancer patients in Denmark. Three central laboratories in Copenhagen, Aarhus and Aalborg, respectively, performed BCA, while IHC was done in each of the pathology departments participating in the study. Data on ER status, clinical variables and prognostic factors were obtained from the DBCG database. Prognosis is calculated from the DBCG protocol 89a, regarding recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).We find an increasing frequency of ER positive tumours over time, with correlation to patient age. There is a better RFS and OS for tumours positive in both ER determinations. However, BCA is more sensitive than IHC. We find a significant correlation between positive ER status and other low risk factors, except lymph node status.Immunohistochemistry has several advantages compared with BCA; it is decentralised, only requiring small amounts of tumour tissue, with direct light microscopic interpretation of invasive tumour cells. It is less expensive and more rapid than BCA. Results in this study show the same RFS in both ER determinations. We conclude that IHC in analysing ER is a rapid, reliable and easy method, and we recommend the use of external quality control programme.
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Canine mammary tumor is the most common neoplasm with worldwide distribution. In present study a total of 30 spontaneous canine mammary tumors were evaluated based on cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Histological classification revealed 66% malignancy. Correlation of cytological and histological diagnosis was found to be 70%. Immunohistochemical staining with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)showed decreased expression with progression of malignancy.
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The aim of present study was to investigate the c-erbB2 expression pattern in various histological types of canine mammary tumours. A total of 74 grossly suspected mammary tumours were collected from different veterinary hospitals in 10% buffered formalin, of which 65 were confirmed as tumours on histopathological examination. Among them, 11 (16.92%) were benign and 54 (83.08%) were malignant tumours. Representative tissue sections from each case were subjected to immunohistochemistry employing monoclonal antibody to demonstrate the c-erbB2 oncoprotein expression. The immunolabelling for c-erbB2 oncoprotein was observed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. On immunohistochemical studies, 23/54 (42.59%) of malignant tumours showed c-erbB2 oncoprotein overexpression. Different histological types that were found positive for c-erbB2 included papillary adenocarcinoma, malignant mixed mammary tumour, solid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, infiltrative adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, intraductal carcinoma in situ and malignant myoepithelioma. Mammary tumours of connective tissue origin (6 cases) were conspicuously immuno-negative. It could be inferred that malignant mammary tumours exhibit frequent overexpression of c-erbB2 oncoprotein than benign ones and among them tumours of epithelial origin are mostly involved.
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Positive staining for estrogen receptors is reported in a new case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. Clinical, light‐ and electron microscopic features as well as immunohistochemical reactions in this case are compared with the 28 earlier published cases, and the main differential diagnosis, angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva, is discussed.
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