[The ultrastructure of supraoptic nucleus synapses at different stages of thermal injuries].
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Supraoptic nucleus
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Supraoptic nucleus
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Supraoptic nucleus
Neurosecretion
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The ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells of the anterior commissural nucleus of rat hypothalamus is similar to that of the supraoptic nucleus and of the "magnocellular" part of the paraventricular nucleus. The only difference is a less expressed granular endoplasmatic reticulum and a smaller diameter of elementary neurosecretory granules (80-150 nm in diameter). Such elementary granules are characteristic of neurosecretory terminals located in the external zone of the median eminence. It is suggested that neurosecretory cells of the anterior commissural nucleus project to this neurohemal region.
Median eminence
Supraoptic nucleus
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Porphyra
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EGTA
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Abstract Ciliated protists can form cysts to resist unfavorable environmental conditions and then excyst when environmental conditions become favorable. This study used electron and light microscopy to investigate the structure of vegetative cells and resting cysts, as well as the encysting and excysting processes of Diophrys oligothrix . For the first time, ampules were revealed beneath the pellicle in the genus Diophrys , and their extrusome types differed between Diophrys species. Membrane‐packed discs of diverse shapes were found in the cytoplasm just beneath the pellicle around the cytopharynx and were separated by rows of microtubule units. Beneath the discs, some double‐layer microtubule structures were detected as well. During encystment, the ventral ciliature was folded in a ventral cavity of the cell, and the caudal cirri were retracted directly into the cyst in a separate cavity on the dorsal side. In the resting cysts, high autophagic activity occurred, possibly including digestion of membrane‐packed discs and ampules. Two macronuclear nodules kept their basic shape, although the chromatin aggregation and fusion region were observed in ultrathin sections. The cyst wall contained two layers, namely, the ectocyst, and endocyst. In mature cysts, basal bodies and ciliary shafts were observed, demonstrating that D. oligothrix forms non‐kinetosome‐resorbing cysts. The process of excystment occurred in two modes, either with or without participation of a contractile vacuole.
Basal body
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Coelom
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Ultrastructural changes in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the rat brain in adrenal hypofunction evoked by bilateral adrenalectomy are described. Marked ultrastructural changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, the changes being less pronounced in the suproaoptic one. The changes indicated enhanced synthesis of neurosecretory granules activating the so-called "creation" surface of the Golgi complex. The increased synthesis of neurosecretory granules in adrenal hypofunction might indicate that some of them could be CRF carriers. It is not possible, however, to find by exclusively morphological methods the morphological equivalent of CRF. The higher intensity of the changes found in the paraventricular nucleus suggests that the latter possibly plays a more important role in the regulation of ACTH secretion.
Supraoptic nucleus
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Supraoptic nucleus
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