[The plasma level of sL-selectin, myeloperoxidase and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in breast cancer patients in the course of chemotherapy].
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Neutrophils kill tumor cells through mechanisms of cell cytotoxicity, dependent on myeloperoxidase. The proliferation and activity of mature granulocytes are stimulated by the granulocyte--colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the level of adhesion molecule--sL-selectin, as a measure of mature granulocyte activity and myeloperoxidase responsible for their cytotoxicity. Additionally we have investigated the plasma level of G-CSF which can increase in the breast cancer. We tested 15 patients with III stage breast cancer and 18 patients with IV stage. Plasma samples were drawn before and in the course (12th week) of chemotherapy. The control group consisted of 10 healthy women. The plasma levels of sL-selectin, myeloperoxidase and G-CSF were measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA system. In breast cancer patients (III and IV stage) before and in the course of chemotherapy sL-selectin concentration was decreased, but myeloperoxidase concentration increased in comparison to the control group. The level of sL-selectin and myeloperoxidase in the 12th week was decreased when compared to the level before chemotherapy. These results suggest that levels of tested parameters do not correlate with G-CSF concentration.Keywords:
E-selectin
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Objective To observe the effects of 131I treatment on circulating granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) and leucocyte levels of patients with Graves' disease (GD).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),coulter three assortments,and radioimmunoassay were used to test the levels of circulating G-CSF,leucocytes and thyroid hormones of 65 incipient and untreated GD patients,all females,aged 21 -50,43 with normal leucocyte level and 22 with leucopenia before and after 131I treatment.Thirty age-matched healthy female subjects were used as controls.Results Before 131I treatment,the serous G-CSF level of the GD patients with normal leucocyte level was (28.4 ± 11.7)μg/L,significantly higher than that of the control [ ( 18.3 ± 6.98) μg/L,t =2.376,P ＜ 0.05 ].The serous G-CSF level of the GD patients with leucopenia was (40.1 ± 13.8 ) μg/L,significantly higher than that of the patients with normal leucocyte level ( t =2.788,P ＜ 0.01 ) and that of the control ( t =3.672,P＜0.01 ).180 d after the initiation of 131 I treatment,the G-CSF level of the patients with normal leucocyte level was (18.9 ± 8.32) μg/L,not significantly different from that of the normal controls,however,the G-CSF level of the GD patients with leucopenia was (25.7 ± 11.5) μg/L,still significantly higher than that of the normal control (t =2.103,P ＜ 0.05).The serous G-CSF level was negatively correlated with the titer of leucocyte ( r =- 0.38,P ＜ 0.05 ),however,not significantly correlated with such clinical parameters,as free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH).Conclusions Abnormal increment of G-CSF is observed in the GD patients,which may be related to the decrease of leucocyte.Effectively suppressing the auto-immune status in the GD patients,131I treatment is a safe and reliable therapy for GD patients with leucopenia and should be used as early as possible.
Key words:
Graves' disease ; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Leucopenia ; 131 I treatment
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The aim of this study was to ascertain whether any cytokines that function in earlier stages of hematopoiesis also fluctuate in conjunction with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. A total of seven patients were studied. All patients received 3 days of intravenous injection of combination chemotherapy. Patients' absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, serum G-CSF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-3, and IL-1 alpha were monitored before chemotherapy, and then daily or every other day thereafter during the entire treatment course until the ANC returned to normal. The results showed very obvious elevation of serum IL-6 level before or concurrent with the elevation of serum G-CSF levels at the neutrophil nadir in all seven patients. The rise of IL-6 also correlated with nadir platelet levels in six of seven patients. The finding of serum IL-6 elevation was statistically significant both in neutropenic and thrombocytopenic stages. Serum IL-3 level was below minimum detectable concentrations in all seven patients. Serum IL-1 alpha was below minimum detectable concentration in six patients and demonstrated no obvious fluctuation in the remaining patient. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the chronological time sequence of cytokine fluctuation, IL-6 peak before G-CSF, in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. According to this finding, when cytokines are used for prevention of myelosuppression or for acceleration of its recovery, it may be logical to use a combination of cytokines in sequence, such as IL-6 initially followed by G-CSF.
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Hematopoietic growth factor
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Abstract Introduction Immune cells and molecules are considered as clinical biomarkers and potential targets for immunotherapy. Analyses of the composition of peripheral blood cells hold promise for providing a basis for diagnosing and prognosis lung cancer. In this study, we assessed correlations between immune cell subset profiles in peripheral blood and disease prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with lung cancer and 99 age‐matched healthy people were enrolled in this study. The percentage and cell count of monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK), and NKT cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry or peripheral blood analyzer. Serum cytokines and colony‐stimulating factors were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A reduction in antitumor NK cells ( p < 0.0001) and an increase in the protumor MDSCs ( p < 0.0001) were observed in the lung cancer patients compared with the controls. Monocyte counts were significantly higher in lung cancer patients with histories of smoking ( p < 0.05) or drinking ( p < 0.01) than in patients with no relevant history or healthy controls. The number of neutrophils and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were particularly higher in patients with liver metastasis ( p < 0.01) compared with no metastasis patients or healthy controls. Levels of the monocyte‐derived cytokine interleukin‐6 ( p < 0.05), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) ( p < 0.0001), and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) ( p < 0.0001) were higher in patients than in controls. G‐CSF levels decreased during the remission phase ( p < 0.05), and positively correlated with carbohydrate antigen 19–9 ( p < 0.05) and gene mutation ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Monocyte and neutrophil counts were higher in peripheral blood in lung cancer patients than in controls, especially when patients had histories of smoking, drinking, and liver metastasis. Serum levels of G‐CSF and GM‐CSF were higher in lung cancer patients, and G‐CSF levels positively correlated with disease severity.
Monocyte
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Objective: To observe the expression of Granulocyte clony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its receptor(G-CSFR)in peripheral blood of patients with hyperthyroidism and explore its clinical significance. Methods: Fourty-three normal controls, 63 novel patients of hyperthyroidism and 22 patients with antithyroid drug.(ATD) therapy were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry, the relationship between the expression of G-CSF,G-CSFR level and granulocyte in peripheral blood were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in G-CSFR expression rates, numbers of leukocyte and neutrophil between three groups(P 0.05). The Levels of G-CSF in serum of patients with hyperthyroidism was significantly higher than that of normal control (novel group P 0.01,ATD therapy group P 0.05). There was no significant correlation in G-CSFR expression rate and G-CSF levels with number of neutrophil between all groups(P 0.05). Conclusion: The Levels of G-CSF in peripheral blood increased in patients with hyperthyroidism. These results may be related to immune response.
Clinical Significance
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We have investigated the plasma levels of G-CSF and M-CSF and commonly accepted tumor marker CA 15-3 in 54 breast cancer patients before and after surgery and chemotherapy. The patients were divided into two groups: A (stage I) and B (stage II). G-CSF i M-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). G-CSF and M-CSF plasma levels (similarly as CA 15-3) were significantly higher in breast cancer patients before surgery comparing to the control group. After surgery plasma level of G-CSF (as CA 15-3) was decreased, but M-CSF increased. The plasma levels of tested cytokines and CA 15-3 increased after chemotherapy. This study suggests that tested cytokines (especially G-CSF) can be clinically useful in diagnostics of breast cancer, yet further investigation and confirmation by a prospective study are necessary.
CA 15-3
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The pathological features of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)reflect an abnormal immune response that may cause elaboration of different cytokines by the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells or surrounding tissue. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)is a cytokine stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils and granulocytes. This study was designed to estimation serum levels of mentioned cytokine in HL patient’s pre and posts various doses of chemotherapy. Study groups were classified into 40 HL, 40 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL), and 40 healthy controls(HC)during May to November 2015. Blood samples were taken from patients who were admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital and hospitals staffs to detect GM-CSF factor level in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant decrease in mean serum level of studied cytokine was reported in the majority of HL patients after receiving various doses of chemotherapy. Their mean serum level before receiving any doses of chemotherapy (dose 0) was 6.09+1.15, and after receiving 1-6, 7-12 and 13-30 doses of chemotherapy, their GM-CSF mean levels were decreased significantly to 4.51+0.17, 4.683+0.16 and 4.682+0.44 respectively(p=0.01, p=0.02, and p=0.03). Inversely, the majority of NHL patients mean serum level of the cytokine was increased non-significantly after receiving doses of chemotherapy, excluding at 13-30dose it was increased significantly(p=0.04). The present results indicate that levels of GM-CSF in HL patients are correlated with various doses of chemotherapy and such stimulating factor could be useful means for HL chemotherapy monitoring.
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Leukopenia
Mitomycin C
Leukocytosis
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Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte - colony stimulating factor (rhG - CSF) on adherent function of peripheral neutrophil in chemotherapy patients with lung cancer. Methods; The expression of CD18 and CD54 on membrane of peripheral neutrophils were detected by flow cytometry in 12 chemotheraeutical patients with lung cancer before and after treatment with rhG -CSF. 10 lung cancer patients, without administration of rhG-CSF, were mea-sured the same parameters before and after chemotherapy as control group. Results: The expression percentages of CD18 (5. 8% ±2.7%) and CD54 (5.6%±2. 6% ) on membrane of peripheral neutrophils before treatment were significantly lower than thoseof CD18(11.3% ±3.5%)and CD54(14.2% ± 4.1%) after rhG - CSF treatment, respectively(P0. 001). In control group, the changes of CD18 and CD54 were not signif icant. Conclusion: rhG -CSF can enhance expression of CD18 and CD54 on membrane of peripheral neutrophils and improve the adherent power of neutrophil.
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G-CSF is a stimulatory factor of granulocyte colony formation. In vitro and in vivo G-CSF enhances functions of mature cells. Indirect evidence of this might be the increase of the activity of granulocyte enzymes participating in phagocytosis and killing tumor cells. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate in the plasma of breast cancer patients the level of adhesion molecule - sL-selection, as a measure of mature granulocyte activity and MPO, granulocyte enzyme responsible for the cytotoxicity. Additionally we have investigated the plasma level of G-CSF which can increase in breast cancer. We tested 16 patients with I stage breast cancer and 15 patients with II stage breast cancer. Plasma samples were drawn before and 30 days after operation. The control group consisted of 10 healthy women. The plasma levels of sL-selectin, MPO and G-CSF were measured using breast cancer patients (I and II stage) before and after operation of sL-selection concentration was increased in comparison to the control group, but myeloperoxidase concentration was similar to the control group. These results suggest that levels of sL-selectin and MPO correlate with G-CSF concentration.
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