CONTROLLED EVALUATION OF THE BETA ADRENOCEPTOR BLOCKING DRUG OXPRENOLOL IN ANXIETY
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Abstract:
An investigation of the effectiveness of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug oxprenolol in the treatment of primary clinical anxiety is reported. A controlled double-blind evaluation of oxprenolol versus diazepam and placebo was carried out. The results of the trial showed diazepam to be generally more effective and to produce a more rapid onset of symptom reduction than oxprenolol. The role of beta adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of clinical anxiety and related syndromes is discussed.Keywords:
Oxprenolol
Blocking (statistics)
BETA (programming language)
Abstract: Objective: Anxiety disorders are from common disorders of human. Drug treatments have side effects, and searching new ways with fewer side effects is inevitable. Ginger is a medicinal plant with many therapeutic effects. Methods: In current study the effects of ginger extract and diazepam on anxiety reduction of laboratory mice were investigated. Sixty female mice (25-30g) were divided into six groups including control, anxiety, diazepam and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg extract doses. After receiving the last dose, all groups except control group were placed in dark box to enforce anxiety. Next, anxiety evaluation test was carried out using plus elevated maze. The number of open and close arms were considered as anxiety indices. Results: According to results, ginger extract reduced anxiety in all doses in proportion to control and diazepam groups. Also, movement activity was increased in 200 mg/kg dose significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, ginger extract in 200 mg/kg dose can be an appropriate replacement for diazepam to reduce anxiety symptoms. Key words: Ginger, Anxiety, Diazepam, Plus elevated maze, Mice.
Elevated plus maze
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Alprazolam was compared to diazepam and placebo in 235 outpatients suffering from manifest anxiety. In this 28-day double-blind study, alprazolam was more effective than placebo and essentially equivalent to diazepam in alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. However, alprazolam produced a markedly lower incidence of side effects than either diazepam or placebo. Of particular note, drowsiness was reported less than half as frequently by alprazolam patients than by diazepam patients. These results were achieved with an average daily dose of 1.5 mg alprazolam compared to 18.6 mg diazepam.
Alprazolam
Anti-Anxiety Agents
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Oxprenolol
Placebo group
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SummaryA multi-centre, randomized double-blind parallel study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a single daily dose of controlled-release (CR) capsules of diazepam (10 mg and 15 mg) with placebo under conditions close to those of general practice. All patients between 16 and 60 years of age, presenting an anxiety syndrome as a result of neurotic disturbance, for whom benzodiazepine treatment was indicated for at least 3 weeks, were accepted for the study. The results from 231 patients (119 on placebo, 55 on 10 mg and 57 on 15 mg diazepam) were analyzed after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. Complaints were found to have improved after 1 week and 3 weeks in the controlled-release diazepam groups whereas the corresponding results with placebo were clearly less favourable. After 1 week, and even more strikingly after 3 weeks, evaluation of the general effects of treatment showed better results with diazepam than with placebo. The obviously higher rate of drop-outs on placebo confirmed its less reliable effect. The controlled-release capsules were well tolerated and notably better than placebo. The most frequent side-effect reported on diazepam was fatigue, and this was probably due to a relative overdosage from use of a standardized dose throughout treatment. Other reported side-effects could not definitely be ascribed to the drug. At the end of a week, successful results were achieved in 48.2% of the patients on controlled-release diazepam compared with only 14.3% of those on placebo. After 3 weeks, these figures were 73.2% and 30.3%, respectively.
Placebo-controlled study
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ABSTRACT– Sixty‐three out‐patients suffering from primary non‐agitated depression were included in a double‐blind, between‐patient randomized study. All patients were treated with imipramine (100–200 mg‐day) combined with either placebo, diazepam (10 mg/day) or dixyrazine (50 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy assessed with a subscale of CPRS was significantly ( p 1 ≤0.05) better for the imipramine‐dixyrazine combination than for the imipramine‐diazepam or imipramine‐placebo combination. Serum concentration of imipramine was significantly higher ( p 1 ≤0.05) in the group treated with dixyrazine than in the other two groups. Further, serum concentration of imipramine in the diazepam group was significantly lower ( p 1 ≤0.05) than in the placebo group. At the end of the study, 67% in both the placebo and the diazepam group and 86% in the dixyrazine group were practically symptom‐free.
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Depression
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Comparison of ketazolam given once-a-day with diazepam given three times a day and placebo given either once or 3 times a day in 101 anxious outpatients showed ketazolam to be significantly better than placebo in alleviating the symptoms of anxiety and, on several measures of efficacy, better than diazepam as well. Significantly fewer patients on ketazolam dropped out of the study due to ineffective medication than on the other 3 treatments. The incidence of side effects was lowest in the ketazolam group. Of particular note, drowsiness was reported twice as often by diazepam patients as by ketazolam patients.
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• Using a choice procedure, these experiments tested whether diazepam is more highly preferred by anxious subjects than by normal control subjects. Subjects first sampled and then chose between two capsules containing diazepam (5 or 10 mg) and placebo, or amphetamine (5 mg) and placebo. The number of times each drug was chosen over placebo and the subjective effects of the drugs were measured. Anxious subjects did not differ from controls in their drug choices. Most subjects chose diazepam less often than placebo, especially at the higher dose, whereas they chose amphetamine more often than placebo. The subjective drug effects (including anxiety reduction after diazepam) were similar for anxious and nonanxious subjects, despite predrug differences in anxiety. The results suggest that individuals with high anxiety are not at greater risk for dependence on antianxiety drugs.
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Oxprenolol
Blocking (statistics)
BETA (programming language)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
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Droperidol
Nitrous oxide
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