A comparison of tetracycline and pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline intravenously and orally against a Staphylococcus infection in mice.
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A procedure for demonstrating transferability of resistance to antibiotics between strains of Staphylococcus aureus in mixed donor and recipient culture is described. The method appears suitable for use even in field laboratory conditions. The laboratory-derived S. aureus mutant 5849-fur-r, rif-r was used as the recipient and the 53 multiresistant strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical material served as donors. The transferability of antibiotics resistance was confirmed in 26.4% of strains; the transfer of tetracycline resistance occurred at highest frequencies and was found to be most intensive.
Transferability
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Meticillin
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The activity of propolis and its combinations with antibiotics against antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. It was found that staphylococcae strains resistant to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin were mainly sensitive to propolis. It is concluded that there was synergism in the effect of propolis and antibiotics with respect to antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Propolis
Benzylpenicillin
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Biofilm is one of parameters for determining pathogenic pathways of a bacterium. Bacterial virulence activities can be attenuated by antibiotics with inhibiting biofilm. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and activities of antibiotics against the biofilm of Stapylococcus aureus isolate which taken from Aceh cattle prepuce. The study was exploratory and experimental, using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) factorial pattern using three types of antibiotics, three concentrations and replications. Antibiotics were tetracycline, oxytetracycline and phosphomycin with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% (mg/mL), respectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and activities of antibiotics to the biofilm of Stapylococcus aureus from Aceh cattle prepuce isolate. U-bottom polystyrene 96 wells microplate and Nutrient Broth (NB) medium was used to biofilm bacterial while biofilm was stained on crystals violet 1%. Optical Density (OD) of biofilm were λ 595 nm. Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the activity of Staphylococcus aureus was moderately positive, i.e 2,667cell/μL. It showed that antibiotics and concetrations have significant effect (P<0.05) to inhibit biofilm staphylococcus aureus. In additioon, tetracycline 30% (mg / mL) has the best ability to inhibit biofilms from 52,18% to 1,262 cell/μL. Based on that fact, it can be concluded that the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus was moderate positive to be false positive.
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Jarolmen, Howard (Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.), Amedeo Bondi, and Richard L. Crowell . Transduction of Staphylococcus aureus to tetracycline resistance in vivo. J. Bacteriol. 89: 1286–1290. 1965.—Staphylophage 80, propagated on a hospital strain of Staphylococcus aureus 80/81, has been shown to transduce antibiotic resistance markers to a variety of staphylococcal recipient strains in vitro. In an attempt to demonstrate transduction of penicillin and tetracycline resistance in mice, experiments were performed in which mice were injected intravenously with a pathogenic recipient strain, S. aureus N135, and subsequently with transducing phage by the same route. Periodic assays of organs from infected mice revealed that maximal bacterial concentrations were attained in kidneys 6 days after infection, at which time the transducing lysate, containing approximately 5 × 10 10 plaque-forming particles, was introduced. Isolation of tetracycline-resistant transductants from the kidneys of infected animals was facilitated by the therapeutic administration of tetracycline. In contrast, penicillin-resistant transductants, which produced penicillinase, were not found even when penicillin therapy was administered. Results showed that tetracycline-resistant transductants were recovered from as many as 40% of test animals in repeated experiments. Furthermore, in some of these mice the entire staphylococcal population of the kidneys was found to be tetracycline-resistant. Control infected animals which did not receive phage were uniformly negative for tetracycline-resistant staphylococci. The finding that phage levels were low or undetectable at a time when tetracycline-resistant organisms were recovered from test animals provided evidence that transduction had occurred in vivo.
Transduction (biophysics)
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The widespread use of antibiotics is playing a significant role in the emergence of resistant bacteria.It's a need of time to potentiate antibiotics for their activity.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria acquiring resistance for most of the antibiotics which is a big deal to tackle Staphylococcus aureus infection.The objective of this study is to potentiate the activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin swab samples.A total of 50 skin swab samples collected resulted into 102 bacterial pathogens which include 70 Staphylococcus aureus.Disc diffusion method was carried out which resulted into 5 antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus.These resistant strains then tested in combination with antibiotic plus EDTA for the study of antibiotic resistance.Five Staphylococcus aureus strains showed resistance against Teicoplanin, Vancomycin and Methicillin.It was observed that some strains which were resistant to the tested antibiotics were become sensitive for that particular antibiotics in combination with EDTA.Combined effect of EDTA with antibiotic potentiated the effect of EDTA on antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Because using antimicrobial drugs leads to development of resistance among bacterial isolates, the treatment with antimicrobial drugs in human and veterinary medicine in general should be reduced. Currently, therapeutic use of bacteriophages may be an alternative or addition to the treatment of bacterial infections of animals. The article presents the results of studying the effect of bacteriophage Phage SAvB14 on microbial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis both alone and in complex with antibiotics. For this purpose, we used strain S. aureus var. bovis 1491 f and bacteriophage Phage SAvB14, isolated at dairy farms. The effect of combined application of phage and antibiotics (gentamicin, tetracycline, сeftriaxone and enrofloxacin) were assessed after simultaneous and subsequent introduction of Phage SAvB14 in the dose of 105 plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL) and corresponding concentrations of antibiotics to 24h biofilms. We determined that of the tested antibiotics, only gentamicin and ceftriazone exerted synergic effects in combinations with Phage SAvB14. Combination treatment using gentamicin and the phage decreased the amount of S. aureus in biofilm by 39.81 times compared with the phage-only treatment. Significant synergic effect was also taken by ceftriaxone – it killed 1.26 times more bacteria in combination with the phage than alone. Other antibiotics did not increase antibiotic activity of the phage. Specifically, 1.11 and 1.26 times more vital cells remained after the actions of tetracycline and enrofloxacin than after the exposure to the bacteriophage only. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that biofilm of S. aureus var. bovis may be eliminated using Phage SAvB14 as an individual antibacterial agent, as well as in complex with antibiotics. However, complex treatment would imply introducing the phage and then antibiotic some time later.
Phage therapy
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AbstractBovine mastitis is an infectious disease of the mammary glands of dairy cattle primarily causaled by the bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach1884. Traditional control of this organism was through the use of antibiotics. However, S. aureus is developing resistance towards these chemotherapeutic agents faster than they are being developed. Bacteriophages can serve as an alternative control measure for the disease. This study investigated the prevalence of phages and S. aureus within the South African dairy environment, as well as infectivity of phage isolates against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The four S. aureus strains used in the study displayed resistance to representative antibiotics from both the β-lactamases and non-β-lactamases, macrolides, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides. Susceptibility was only noted towards the tetracycline antibiotics. Twenty-eight phages were isolated and screened against four strains of S. aureus. Only six phages showed biocontrol potential based on their wide host range, high titres and common growth requirements. Morphological and preliminary genomic analysis was carried out on the three best performing phages. At an optimal titre of between 6.2 × 107 and 2.9 × 108 pfu.ml−1, the phages were able to reduce live bacterial cell counts between 64% and 95%. In addition, these six phages showed further infectivity towards S. aureus strains that were isolated from different milk-producing regions during a farm survey. The phages isolated in this study show reasonable potential for in vivo applications.Keywords: antibiotic resistancebacteriophagebiological controlbovine mastitis AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the National Research Foundation for providing partial financial support for the study.
Lytic cycle
Infectivity
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the classification and antibiotics resistance of Staphylococcus in children with septicemia in recent two years and to provide data for clinical treatment. METHODS All the blood specimens delivered by pediatrics were identified and detected the antibiotic resistance with Microscan Auto SCAN4. RESULTS Totally 268 Staphylococcus strains were collected. Among them,S. aureus was 114 strains (42.5%),coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 154 srains. Among 114 S. aureus strains,meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 79 strains (69.3%). Among 154 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains,meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) were 102 strains (66.2%). The drug sensitivity results showed that meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) were highly resistant to 15 commnly used antibiotics than meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus (MSS) and showing multi-drug resistance. No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.CONCLUSIONS Children with septicemia infected by Staphylococcus are increasing recently. Identification and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolated Staphylococcus must be strengthened,and give the effective data for clinicians.
Coagulase
Meticillin
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
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