Child care practices and cot death in Hong Kong.
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To document child care practices in Hong Kong which has a very low SIDS rate of 0.3/1000 live births.Data were collected by interview and postal questionnaires using a protocol developed in southern New Zealand. 195 mothers were recruited at the Prince of Wales Hospital and 100 completed the study.81% babies slept in the parents room. 32% shared a bed with parents but only a third were described as being "in direct contact". Only 9% of infants were still breast feeding by 4 weeks of age. 78% of babies slept on their backs, 18% on their sides and 3% on the fronts. Sheepskins were not used and 56/58 described underbedding as firm or moderately firm. At the time of birth only 3% of mothers smoked.Certain SIDS risk factors (bedsharing, lack of breast feeding) are common in Hong Kong, whereas others (prone sleep position, soft underbedding, maternal smoking) appear uncommon.Cite
In Germany, 2910 infants died in 2004; for many infants the reason was clear, especially prematurity or congenital abnormalities. However, 394 babies die every year suddenly and unexpectedly. The cause may be immediately clear, but is often not obvious.(1) To describe the causes of explained sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and (2) to compare risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and explained SUDI.A 3-year population-based case-control study in Germany, 1998-2001.455 deaths, of which 51 (11.2%) were explained. Most of these deaths were due to respiratory or generalised infections. The risk factors for SIDS and explained SUDI were remarkably similar except for sleep position and breast feeding. Prone sleeping position is a major risk factor for SIDS (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.85 to 13.31) but not for explained SUDI (adjusted OR 1.71, 95% CI 0.25 to 11.57). Not being breast fed in the first 2 weeks of life is a risk factor for SIDS (adjusted OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.84) but not for explained SUDI (adjusted OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.83).Prone sleeping position is a unique risk factor for SIDS. Socioeconomic disadvantage and maternal smoking are risk factors for both SIDS and explained SUDI, and provide an opportunity for targeted intervention.
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Congenital hypothyroidism
Primary (astronomy)
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Is the role of infant feeding in SIDS really a dead issue, as Beckwith implies in his commentary on the article by Tonkin?1,2 Steele et al. found that 78% of SIDS infants had been exclusively bottle-fed, compared to 52% in a control group.3 Carpenter and Shaddick found that less than 6% of SIDS infants surviving to 3 months of age were exclusively breast-fed, compared to 22% of 3-month-old controls.4 Cameron and Asher found that 80% of their patients were receiving no breast milk at all by 1 month, compared to 39% of infants attending city clinics.3
Infant feeding
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Sudden Death
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To compare postnatal growth preceding the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with that of age matched controls.Retrospective case-control study. Each SIDS victim was matched with two controls on date of parental interview, postnatal age, and neighborhood. Clinical and demographic data were collected by parental interview and by review of medical records, and interval body weights were obtained from health visitors' records.All infants dying of SIDS between 1 May, 1987 and 30 April, 1989 in a geographically defined region consisting of four health districts in Avon and North Somerset in southwest England. Seventy-eight of the 99 SIDS victims and 139 of 156 control infants were included in the final analysis.There was no significant difference between SIDS victims and the controls in either of the two indices of postnatal growth which were analyzed. The mean growth rates (+/- 1 SEM) between birth and the last live weight (age equivalent weight for control infants) were 27.1 +/- 1.0 g/day for the SIDS cases and 28.3 +/- 1.5 g/day for the control infants. The mean growth rate (+/- 1 SEM) between the last two live weights were 31.5 +/- 2.9 and 24.9 +/- 2.1 g/day for the SIDS and control infants, respectively. Stratification of the infants by sex, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breast versus bottle feeding, or age at death, did not result in any significant differences between SIDS and controls in either of the indices of postnatal growth rate. The 20 SIDS cases which were excluded from the final analysis did not differ from 78 whose data was analyzed, with regard to established SIDS risk factors, age at death, or postmortem weight.No difference was found between the postnatal growth of SIDS victims and that of age matched control infants.
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Congenital Neutropenia
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Weight velocities of 136 infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were compared with those of 136 controls matched for sex, birth weight, and type of feeding. It was found that the SIDS infants gained weight more slowly overall and that the differences were significantly different for infants who were not breast fed in the last two weeks in which it was possible to estimate their growth velocity. Breast fed infants had more periods of growth below the 25th centile than expected. These differences are unlikely to be useful in the prediction of which babies are likely to die from SIDS as there are frequent episodes of poor growth in infants who do not die.
Growth velocity
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