[Effect of vitamin B12 on body resistance in calves].
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The growth of coprophagy-prevented rats was compared under administration of normal levels of vitamin B12 and supplemented amounts. Two experiments in which supplemented amounts of vitamin B12 were administered were conducted under different conditions. Six rats per group were fed under coprophagy-allowed (conventional feeding) and coprophagy-prevented conditions respectively. In the first experiment, coprophagy-prevented rats were fed only feed containing recommended vitamin B12 level and forced fed hydrous faeces, vitamin B12 and folic acid respectively. In the second experiment, coprophagy-prevented rats were fed AIN-93G at the recommended vitamin B12 level (25 microg/kg diet), at 100 times the level and at 1000 times the level respectively. Body weight, feed consumption and amounts of each faeces type were determined in both experiments. In a comparison of body weight gain, we learned that coprophagy prevention reduced the values, but that there was no significant difference in the forced feeding group in the first experiment. Similar results were recognized in the second experiment. Vitamin B12 supplementation was not able to raise feed intake significantly and hence it obviously was not a severely limiting factor under the respective experimental condition which depressed feed intake.
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Hydroxocobalamin
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Abstract Abstract Forty female Angus crossbred calves aged 8 months were allocated to 2 groups based on liver vitamin B12 levels and bodyweight. The treatment group was given monthly subcutaneous injections of 2000 μg hydroxycobalamin. From each group, 5 animals were liver biopsied and 10 animals: serum and urine sampled at monthly intervals for 10 months. Pasture cobalt content in washed and unwashed samples averaged 0.051 mg/kg (0.866 μgmol/kg) and 0.061 mg/kg (1.04 p.mollkg) DM respectively over the trial period. Mean liver vitamin B 12 levels of the untreated group dropped during the spring and summer to 400 nmollkg, while the treated group remained above 640 nmollkg. Serum vitamin B12 levels of the untreated group during the spring and summer averaged 87 pmolllitre, with the lowest mean monthly level of 73 pmolllitre occurring in November. Mean urinary methyl malonic acid remained low (less than 36 p.molllitre) in both groups. There was no weight gain response to vitamin B12 treatment. Keywords: cobaltvitamin B12 methyl malonic acidliverserumurinepasturecattleweight gain
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A marked retardation in body and gonadal weight was observed in immature male rats fed a purified ration under conditions of low environmental temperature. Supplements of desiccated whole liver, water-insoluble liver residue or water-soluble liver extract resulted in a marked increase in both body and gonadal weight. A supplement of the known B vitamins was similarly effective. It is suggested that the protective effects of the various supplements were due, at least in part, to their vitamin B12 content.
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Counteraction of Cortisone Inhibition of Body, Hair and Thymus Growth by Vitamin B12 and Aureomycin.
(1) Cortisone was injected in daily doses of .5 mg for 30 days into 130 immature male albino rats on a vitamin B12-deficient diet. The depressions of body, hair, and thymus growth which resulted were completely or partially prevented by incorporating 200 fig of vit. B12 pr kilo of ration or .005% aureomycin. (2) Vit. B12 was more effective in these respects than aureomycin, and the combination of the two substances was more effective than either alone. (3) The favorable actions of the vitamin and antibiotic were accompanied by an increase in food consumption and greater efficiency in converting food into body weight gains. (4) It is concluded that when large doses of cortisone are injected into rats on a vit. B12-deficient diet, the deficiency becomes aggravated and thus accounts at least in part for the observed inhibitions of body and hair growth. The mechanisms by which vit. B12 and aureomycin protect the thymus against cortisone action are as yet unknown.
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A severe anemia was induced in chicks by the intramuscular injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (2.0 mg per 100 g body weight) following a depletion period on a folic acid deficient purified ration. Chicks were selected within narrow limits (2-4 g % Hb) and arranged into comparable groups to study the effect of folic acid, liver extract and vitamin B12 on the rate of hemoglobin regeneration.
Hematinic
Intramuscular injection
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Four hundred shabbout fries (Tor grypus L. 1758), with average initial weight of 0.95±0.02 g and total average length of 4.10±0.05 cm, were fed for a period of 90 days commercial feed with addition of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and vitamin B 12 . The shabbouts were divided into four different groups and fed by different feeds (Control, Group A with MOS, Group B with vitamin B 12 , Group C with the combination of MOS + vitamin B 12 ). The effects of feeding through MOS and vitamin B 12 in different proportions on growth in view of live weight and total length, survival rate, feed conversion, condition factor and protein efficacy were studied. The best growth in view of live weight of 4.51±0.16 g and length of 7.71±0.08 cm was maintained through vitamin B 12 in Group B. As a consequence, the growth parameters of the shabbout fries fed through commercial feeds with the addition of MOS and vitamin B 12 in different doses under empirical conditions showed affirmative effects on the survival rate, feed assessment, condition factor and protein efficacy.
Vitamin b
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Abstract THE isolation and crystallization of vitamin B12 by Rickes et al. (1948) and Smith (1948) were soon followed by realization of its close identity with the acid precipitate factor from cow manure (Lillie et al., 1948) and the animal protein factor (Ott et al., 1948). Prior to this, Whitson et al. (1946) reported that the feeding of the cow manure factor in a hen ration high in soybean meal and containing no animal protein, significantly improved hatchability. There was no influence on hen body weight, egg production, or egg size. Rubin and Bird (1947) reported that the factor was transmitted through the egg to the chick. These investigators showed that the content of the factor in the eggs was directly related to the level of the factor in the hen’s diet. Later Lindstrom et al. (1949) found that a vitamin B12 concentrate (Merck & Company) increased hatchability of eggs from . . .
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Boluses of controlled release glass containing cobalt and weighing approximately either 60 g or 14.5 g were administered to 22 steers and 21 sheep respectively. The steers were housed and slaughtered at intervals between 17 and 145 days after dosing. The boluses released more than 0.85 mg cobalt daily. In both untreated and dosed animals serum and liver vitamin B12 concentrations were at the upper end of the normal range. Two types of glass were administered to sheep. In five wethers one glass released 0.07 mg cobalt per day, and in 16 grazing lambs a second glass released more than 0.15 mg cobalt per day. Fourteen of the boluses were recovered from the lambs up to 276 days after dosing. The concentration of B12 in serum of lambs increased significantly from a mean +/- sd of 1.64 +/- 0.47 to 2.02 +/- 0.04 ng/ml serum and the concentration in liver from 3.84 +/- 0.85 to 4.99 +/- 0.72 micrograms/g dry weight liver.
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