[Experimental pyelonephritis from Proteus mirabilis L forms in rats].
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Proteus Infections
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Morganella morganii
Hemolysin
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Proteus mirabilis, a common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), produces a number of different fimbriae including mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae (MR/P). The precise role of different P. mirabilis fimbriae in ascending UTI has not yet been elucidated. In this study, a clinical isolate of P. mirabilis and an isogenic mutant unable to express MR/P were tested using different experimental approaches. They were tested for their ability to cause infection in an ascending co-infection model of UTI and in a haematogenous model in the mouse. In both models, the mutant was less able than the wild-type strain to colonise the lower and upper urinary tracts although infectivity was not abolished. In vitro adherence to uroepithelial cells was also assessed. Significant differences in adherence between both strains were observed at 1 h but not at 15 min post infection. We have also shown that a wild-type strain carries two copies of the mrpA gene. These data reinforce the importance of MR/P fimbriae in P. mirabilis UTI although other virulence factors may be necessary for efficient colonisation and development of infection.
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Abstract The goals of this study were to determine (1) effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence and biofilm production on adherence of the opportunistic pathogens Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); (2) if the biofilm killed by autoclaving altered adherence of other organisms; (3) if adherence of S. epidermidis to gentamicin‐containing PMMA altered adherence of the opportunistic pathogens P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa to gentamicin‐containing PMMA. Results show that biofilms formed by S. epidermidis , whether alive or dead, significantly increased adherence of Pseudomonas . Adherence of Proteus was significantly increased on dead biofilms and increased, but not significantly ( p = < 0.1), on live ones. Greatest adherence seen in the study was to autoclaved biofilms. Significant adherence of Proteus and Pseudomonas was found on gentamicin‐containing PMMA specimens, which were preincubated with S. epidermidis for formation of the biofilm. These results indicate that a biofilm is formed on PMMA‐gentamicin specimens and this may impair the ability of gentamicin to kill other organisms.
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The haemolytic activity of Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris bacilli exhibited in young broth cultures was compared with the ability of Serratia marcescens strains to haemolyze human and sheep erythrocytes in the same conditions.
Proteus vulgaris
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Bacteriological examination of 100 cases of otitis in dogs revealed pure cultures of different microorganisms as follows: Staphylococcus aureus from 25 animals; Escherichia coli from 10; Proteus mirabilis from 20; Enterobacter sp. from 18 and Klepsiella sp. from 7. Mixed cultures of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klepsiella sp. were found in 3 animals; Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter sp. in 5; Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis in 4. Enterobacter sp. and Klepsiella sp. in 2 and Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in 6. Theses results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus appeared as the most frequent microorganism (36%) followed by Proteus mirabilis (23%) and Klepsiella sp. (16%). Drug resistance studies showed that all tested strains were resistant to the antibiotics and to the nalidixic acid in levels higher than 20microgram/ml except gentamycin which showed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa a resistance level for 10microgram/ml.
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The comparative study of more than 300 Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter strains isolated from patients with urological infections and parenteral infections of other localization, as well as from the feces of healthy persons has been carried out. The strains causing inflammatory processes in the urinary tract have been shown to possess no strict specificity. The ability of opportunistic enterobacteria to cause urinary tract lesions is their polydeterminant property ensured by the combination of different factors. A number of characteristics which can be considered as the markers of "nephritogenic" strains have been revealed. Thus, among Proteus mirabilis strains the largest percentage is constituted by strains fermenting sucrose and producing hemolysin. The urological pathogenicity of "nephritogenic" strains belonging to the genera Proteus, Klebsiella and Enterobacter has been found to be linked with their resistance to complement and their capacity for producing substances increasing capillary permeability. In C. freundii strains differences in O serogroups and a number of markers (the fermentation of raffinose, the formation of hemolysin and permeability factor) have been revealed. These data may be useful for the prognosis and evaluation of the course of urological infections.
Citrobacter
Klebsiella
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Citrobacter freundii
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Proteus Infections
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Some properties which may contribute to the pathogenicity of Proteus mirabilis were compared in urinary isolates and in strains provided from soil and from culture collection. Clinical isolates revealed the higher expression of all the features examined in this report: swarming growth, haemagglutination, adherence to human uroepithelial cells, urease activity and haemolytic activity. Noteworthy is the higher mean value of adherence to the uroepithelial cells in clinical strains. Three P. mirabilis urinary isolates were detected which produce an as yet unreported filterable haemolysin. However, the loss of this ability within a few months seems to suggest the temporary presence of a plasmid rapidly eliminated by the Proteus strains.
Hemolysin
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