[Association of ethambutol-ethionamide or ethambutol-prothionamide in various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].
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Aqueous solutions of 0.02% isoniazid, 0.2% streptomycin, 0.2% para-aminosalicylate, and 0.5% ethambutol and ethylene glycol solutions of 0.5% ethionamide stored at 3 to 7 degrees C remained stable for 1 year, as did aqueous solutions of 0.05% ethionamide hydrochloride, 0.05% kanamycin, 0.05% viomycin, and 0.1% capreomycin stored at -20 degrees C. The ethambutol and capreomycin solutions were tested by microbiologic methods; the other solutions were tested by both spectrophotometric and microbiologic methods. Prepared susceptibility testing media made with cycloserine, rifampin, and the above solutions incorporated into Middlebrook 7H10 medium showed acceptable stability when stored at 3 to 7 degrees C for 1 month. During incubation of the test medium at 37 degrees C, approximately half of the activity of isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, cycloserine, and rifampin was lost after periods ranging from 2 to 4 days for ethambutol to 2 weeks for rifampin.
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The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge to TB control in Europe.We evaluated secondline drug susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with multidrugresistant, pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR-TB) and XDR-TB at 23 TBNET sites in 16 European countries.Over 30% of bacilli from patients with pre-XDR-TB showed resistance to any fluoroquinolone and almost 70% to any second-line injectable drug.Respec
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The central bacteriological laboratory of the Moscow Research-and-Practical Center for Tuberculosis Control studied the sensitivity of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to a number of antituberculous drugs (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, kanamycin, ethionamide, cycloserine, ofloxacin) by the absolute concentration method (after isolating the cultures on both solid and liquid nutrient media). A total of 160 cultures, including M. chelonae (n = 4), M. flavescense (n = 6), M. fortuitum (n = 34), M. avium complex (MAC) (n = 52), M. xenopi (n = 18), M. kansasii (n = 41), M. marinum (n = 2), M. malmoense (n = 1), M. simiae (n = 1), and M. gastri (n = 1), were explored. MAC was found to be resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ethionamide in most cases, to ofloxacin in a nearly half of cases, to canamycin and cycloserine in a third of cases. In most cases, M. kansasii was sensitive not only to first-, but also second-line chemical drugs. M. xenopi was resistant to rifampicin in two thirds of cases and to streptomycin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and ethionamide in a half of cases. This species of NTM was more sensitive to kanamycin, cycloserine, and oflaxacin. In the majority of cases, M. fortuitum was resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, ethionamide, kanamycin, and cycloserine and sensitive to ofloxacin.
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