[Effect of age on hemostasis and plasma level of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha].
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Hemostasis (HS) in 134 healthy subjects of over 20 years old was investigated. The cases with HS symptom were 45.5%, which increased with age. TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and T/K ratio were measured by radioimmuno assay (RIA).elevation of TXB2 was more significant in the middle age and old age than in the young group (P < 0.01). But the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in various age group didn't changed significantly; while the ratio between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was more significant in the aged than in the young person (P < 0.01). The results revealed that there was hypercoagulable tendency with the increase of age, and it was correlated with TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. It is significant in theory and practice to prevent and cure the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease as well as HS with the traditional Chinese medicine.Keywords:
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Abstract To clarify the endocrine mechanism involved in the short captivity stress in the water frog, Rana esculenta , the activity of 9-ketoreductase, the enzyme which converts prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) into prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ), and aromatase, which converts testosterone into oestradiol-17β, were studied. Adult male and female frogs were sacrificed 0, 1·5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 and 336 h after capture in the field. PGE 2 , PGF 2α , progesterone, testosterone, oestradiol-17β and corticosterone plasma levels were detected by RIA at each time point. 9-Ketoreductase (conversion of [ 3 H]PGE 2 into [ 3 H]PGF 2α ) and aromatase (conversion of [ 3 H]testosterone into [ 3 H]oestradiol-17β) activities in the brain, testis, ovary and interrenal were also determined at each time point. After capture, levels of plasma PGF 2α increased (male: 228%; female: 288%) and PGE 2 decreased (male: 68%; female: 81%) at 1·5 h, oestradiol-17β increased (male: 399%; female: 425%) and testosterone decreased (male: 87%; female: 83%) at 6 h, and corticosterone increased (male: 421%; female: 426%) at 72 h. 9-Ketoreductase activity in the brain was enhanced at 1·5 h after capture (male: 249%; female: 262%); aromatase activity increased at 6 h in the testis (261%), ovary (273%) and interrenal (male: 227%; female: 267%). These results indicate that short captivity stress could induce an increase in plasma PGF 2α through activation of brain 9-ketoreductase. In turn, PGF 2α might enhance the levels of circulating oestradiol-17β through activation of gonadal and interrenal aromatase. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 233–239
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The main intention of this study was to characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor responsible for the inhibition of lipolysis in dog fat cell and to define circumstances that may be associated to a modification of the alpha-mediated antilipolytic effect. Isolated fat cells from omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue from normal and obese dogs were used. Basal and theophylline stimulated lipolysis was studied in the presence of selected alpha-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. The antilipolytic effect of catecholamines is mediated by alpha 2-type adrenoceptors in dog fat cell. The alpha-adrenergic responsiveness is enhanced (or unmasked) in large fat cells of obese dogs and depends on the site from which the adipose tissue sample is taken. The alpha-response is stronger in subcutaneous than in omental adipocytes. In conclusion, the weakened lipolytic responsiveness to epinephrine of obese dog fat cells seems related to an increased alpha-adrenergic response rather than a decreased beta-lipolytic effect. Obesity is a circumstance characterized in the dog fat cell by a modification of the balance between alpha-2 and beta receptors.
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Journal Article Alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of norepinephrine on cytosolic calcium levels in rat PC C13 thyroid cells: thyrotropin modulation of alpha 1B-linked response via a adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-protein kinase-A-dependent pathway Get access O Meucci, O Meucci 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Scorziello, A Scorziello 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Avallone, A Avallone 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Ventra, C Ventra 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Grimaldi, M Grimaldi 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M T Berlingieri, M T Berlingieri 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Fusco, A Fusco 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Schettini G Schettini 1Dipartimento di Scienza delle Comunicazioni Umane, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 134, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 424–431, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.134.1.7903935 Published: 01 January 1994
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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of alpha-MSH on serum LH in order to obtain some clues about the possible, mechanism by which the peptide modifies gonadotropin secretion. Intact female rats treated with alpha-MSH on diestrus 2 afternoon exhibited an increase in serum LH levels at 18 hr on proestrus and an elevated number of ova per rat the day of estrus when compared with saline-treated controls. Moreover, the peptide administered in chronically ovariectomized (CHR-OVX) rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) plus low doses of progesterone (P), increased LH in serum as well as P serum levels when compared with levels in CHR-OVX animals treated with EB plus P and saline solution instead of alpha-MSH. It has been shown that LH release is blocked by OVX and adrenalectomy (ADX) on the afternoon of proestrus; this blockade was reversed by an injection of alpha-MSH at the time of the operation. Measurements of P in ADX-OVX animals treated with alpha-MSH showed that P serum levels were maintained for longer periods of time when compared with the P serum levels of ADX-OVX animals treated with saline. On the other hand, alpha-MSH infused into CHR-OVX rats treated with low doses of EB, which can lower serum LH levels, lowered the serum LH even more, although the serum P levels were increased. Finally alpha-MSH did not affect the serum LH levels in diestrous rats. The present results demonstrated that alpha-MSH influences the release of LH by modifying the release and/or the degradation of P. This P, in turn, modifies LH serum concentrations, having either a stimulatory or inhibiting effect on the release of LH, apparently depending on the time period it remains high in serum.
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The influence of fasting on the dual adrenergic control of adipose tissue lipolysis was investigated in hamsters because in this species the adipocytes exhibit both beta-stimulatory and alpha 2-inhibitory adrenergic responses. In adipocytes from fed animals, the number of alpha 2-receptors (identified with [3H]clonidine and [3H]RX 821002) was greater than that of beta-receptors. As in humans, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor number was greater in adipocyte membranes from subcutaneous (inguinal and popliteal) than from internal (perirenal and epididymal) adipose tissues. Despite this difference in alpha 2-adrenoceptor number, the antilipolytic responses to the alpha 2-agonists clonidine and UK 14304 were similar in the two tissues. Food deprivation for a period of 1-6 days induced a net depletion of both adipose tissues. In 6-day starved animals the number of adipocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors and the maximal antilipolytic effect of UK 14304 were less than 50% of those in fed controls. In contrast, the antilipolytic responses to phenylisopropyladenosine or prostaglandin E1 remained unchanged. Starvation induced a decrease in alpha 2-adrenoceptor number and an increase in beta-adrenergic sensitivity that were greater in adipocytes from subcutaneous than from internal fad pads. The data suggest that the adipocyte beta- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors are independently regulated during starvation. In the adipocyte, the alpha 2-antilipolytic responses and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor levels are dependent on the extent of the adipose mass; they are particularly reduced in emaciated hamsters.
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The conversion of beta- to alpha-adrenergic glycogenolysis by corticosteroids was studied in perfused livers of mature female rats. Isoproterenol stimulated glucose production more effectively in female rats than in male rats, but the difference in its stimulatory effect disappeared in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, whereas it remained in adrenodemedulated rats. When ADX female rats were treated with dexamethasone sulfate, alpha-responses increased and beta-responses decreased, depending on the concentration of dexamethasone sulfate. The treatment of female rats with 1.5 mg/kg dexamethasone sulfate changed the levels of the alpha- and beta-responses to those observed in male rats, and the changes were associated with changes in the number of receptors. Although periodicity of changes in plasma corticosterone levels was observed in both male and female rats, the extent of circadian variations was significantly lower in female rats during the estrous cycle than in male rats. The variations in plasma corticosterone levels and in both alpha- and beta-responses after ovariectomy approached those in male rats. The results suggest that the level of plasma corticosterone might play an important role in the regulation of the relative levels of alpha- and beta-adrenergic responses in female rats.
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Abstract. Luteinized ovaries of rats hypophysectomized shortly after ovulation 25–80 days previously secrete considerable amounts of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20α-OHP) into the blood-stream. The serum concentration of 20α-OHP in these hypophysectomized animals is almost similar to that of progesterone in intact pseudopregnant rats on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, in spite of the absence of demonstrable amounts of prolactin. Isolated corpora lutea of the last generation and the remainder of the ovarian tissue both contained 20α-OHP. Six months after hypophysectomy no detectable amount of 20α-OHP was found in the serum. Androgenized rats, devoid of corpora lutea, did not produce 20α-OHP after hypophysectomy. These data show that pituitary hormones are not required for the prolonged synthesis and secretion of 20α-OHP by the luteinized ovary.
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This study investigated the role of 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP) in the modulation of gonadotropin secretion using the immature ovariectomized (OVX) rat primed with a low dose of estradiol. A treatment regimen of either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg of 3α,5α-THP given in conjunction with estradiol for 4 days significantly increased levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) but had no effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Estrogen-primed rats receiving a single injection of 3α,5α-THP at 0930 h showed an increase in serum and pituitary LH levels at 1200 h and 1500 h. At 1800 h, only pituitary levels of LH remained significantly higher than controls. An injection of 3α,5α-THP at 1230 h in estrogen-primed rats resulted in enhanced levels of pituitary LH at 1500 h and elevated levels of both serum and pituitary LH at 1800 h. When 3α,5α-THP was given at 0930 h and 1230 h, elevated serum levels of LH were maintained for over 6 h. The administration of pentobarbital (Pb) 30 min after an injection of 3α,5α-THP at 0930 h or 1230 h prevented the increases in serum LH at 1200 h, 1500 h or 1800 h. This suggests that LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) is involved in mediating the LH response by 3α,5α-THP. There was no change in the sensitivity of the pituitary to LHRH following 3α,5α-THP treatment, indicating the absence of a pituitary effect of this steroid.
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