Characterization, Proximate Composition and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Seed Oil of Bauhinia tomentosa
Olayinka O. AjaniTaiwo Felicia OwoeyeGrace I. OlasehindeDeborah Kehinde AkinlabuFisayo E. OwolabiOluwatosin Y. Audu
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Background: This study was carried out to investigate proximate composition, phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the spectroscopically characterized seed oil of Bauhinia tomentosa.Materials and method: The characterization was carried out using FT-IR, mass spectra, 1 H-and 13 C-NMR.Results: The results from the proximate analysis showed the presence of crude protein 30.36±0.98%,crude fibre 26.00±0.69%,carbohydrate 25.32±0.57%,moisture content 12.04±0.39%,ash content 4.00±0.15%and fat content 2.28±0.09%.The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, sterols, anthraquinones and tannins in varying degrees.The mineral determination showed that the seed oil contained iron (3.10±0.01mg kgG 1 ), manganese (0.38±0.01 mg kgG 1 ), while cadmium (0.0 mg kgG 1 ), lead (0.0 mg kgG 1 ) and nickel (0.0 mg kgG 1 ) were not detected.The extracted seed oil was investigated for antimicrobial efficiency against four bacterial isolates and two fungal, wherein gentamicin and clotrimazole were the clinical standard antibiotic and antifungal agents, respectively.Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity result revealed the sample to be bioactive and of great pharmaceutical potential with MIC value of 6.25 and <3.625 mg mLG 1 against Escherichia coli and Candida albican, respectively.Due to high nutritional values and broad antimicrobial properties, the seed oil of Bauhinia tomentosa has nutraceutical potentials, which might pave way for its use as an alternative nutrient source for mankind or for industrial purposes.Keywords:
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There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources for industrial applications. Bauhinia are underutilized protein‐rich oilseed legumes primarily grown as ornamental plants. In this study, the composition and structure of proteins extracted from two Bauhinia species, B. galpinii and B. petersiana , were determined in comparison with soya bean. Albumin and globulin (75%) were the major storage proteins of Bauhinia . Albumin content of B. galpinii was substantially high (28%), about twice those of soya and B. petersiana. Bauhinia grains were good sources of lysine (approximately 4 g/100 g of protein). By SDS‐PAGE, Bauhinia proteins showed three major protein bands ranging from 17,000 to 76,000 for both species. Only one subunit (17,000) of the basic glycinin (11S) seemed to be present in Bauhinia compared with soya. Bauhinia proteins had more β‐sheet conformation (42%) than α‐helix (22%). Bauhinia grains may provide a new opportunity of protein for industrial applications.
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To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Bauhinia variegata Linn, to justify the traditional claim endowed upon this herbal drug as a rasayana in Ayurveda. The effect of the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) on the primary and secondary antibody responses was evaluated by the humoral antibody response for a specific immune response. The effect of EBV on the phagocytic activity was evaluated by the carbon clearance test and neutrophil activation was evaluated by the neutrophil adhesion test for a nonspecific immune response. The data was analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramar multiple comparison tests. On oral administration, EBV showed a significant increase in the primary and secondary humoral antibody responses, by increasing the hemagglutinating antibody titre at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/p.o. There was a significant increase in the phagocytic index and percentage neutrophil adhesion at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/p.o. The present study reveals that the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Bauhinia variegata Linn holds a promise as an immunomodulatory agent, which acts probably by stimulating both the specific and nonspecific arms of immunity. Key words: Antibody titre, Bauhinia variegata, immunomodulator, neutrophil adhesion, phagocytic activity, rasayana
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Genus Bauhinia belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae consists of over 250 species of trees and shrubs 1 .They are distributed in various geographic locations in tropical climates.Plants in genus Bauhinia have characteristic butterfly shaped leaves.Most Bauhinia spp.have applications in traditional medicines.Bauhinia microstachya is used for diabetics in herbal medicine.B. reticulate and B. refescens are used for treatment round worm, conjunctivitis, anthrax, dysentery, blood-poisoning, leprosy and lung diseases 2,3 .B. variegata is used for skin diseases and ulcerations in Africa.B. variegata bark extracts are used for treatment of cancer in India 4 .Bauhinia acuminata is an ornamental tree with white flowers bearing tropical shade and it is distributed throughout India in warm climates.Previous studies showed juvenomimetic activity of B. acuminata against Dysdercus cingulatus 5 .Its bark is used for the treatment of leucorrhoea and shyphilis 6 .Further, B. acuminata crude extract showed hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner 7 .GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from B. acuminata leaves is reported in the present study.Fresh leaves of B. acuminata were collected from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and the specimen was identified by Dr.
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Genus Bauhinia is indigenous to Northern American region and has a significant presence in Asian sub-continent. This genus has around 300 different species out of which three species mainly Bauhinia purpurea, Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia variegata have rich medicinal and nutritional potential. These species of Bauhinia are used against many diseases in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Both leaves and flowers of B. purpurea are eaten in North eastern regions of the country. Seeds of B. purpurea pods are rich in amino acids and are used as pulse in many tribal areas of north-eastern and central India. Aqueous extract of B. tomentosa flowers are reported to contain carbohydrates, oils and fats, glycosides, phtytosterols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds. However, B. variegata flowers are also good source of carbohydrates (16.01%), protein (3.24%), fat (0.15%) and fibre (3.34%) with good content of minerals. Rich medicinal and nutritional potential of these species of Bauhinia, make them a vital and prominent source of nutrition. The use of technological advancements is required to explore the additional features of these species and to use them for better medicinal and health properties.
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Bauhinia variegata commonly known as kachnar tree and is cultivated throughout India. literature survey revealed that the leaf of Bauhinia variegata is traditionally used as an astringent in diabetes. flowers are laxative.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of leaf of  Bauhinia variegata extract was evaluated using albino wister rat i.e.alloxan induced diabetes in albino wister rat by glucometer method, with 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg and higher doses showed significant value represent at table no and figure 1,2,3,4 respectively with different successive extract and show the significant p value. Keyword: Bauhinia Variegata, Ethanolic Extract, Antidiabetic, Alloxan, Albino Wister Rat
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Bauhinia phoenicea Wight & Arn. (Syn: Bauhinia benthamii Bedd.) belonging to the family: Fabaceae is an ornamental medicinal climbing shrub endemic to Western Ghats. The plant parts have been used traditionally for treating wounds, diabetes, skin allergies, fungal infections and worm disturbances. The Pharmacognostical and Preliminary phytochemical studies have been reported on the leaves. The plant contains steroids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids as phytoconstituents. No detailed reports are available on the hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activity of the leaves, hence attempt was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activity on the leaves of Bauhinia phoenicea by in-vitro methods like MTT assay and α-Amylase inhibition assay respectively. The study revealed that the leaf possess significant antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities which justifies the therapeutic potential and traditional uses of the plant.
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This paper describes the isolation of four phytoconstituents from the leaves of Bauhinia microstachya, a Brazilian medicinal plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Based on spectroscopic evidence, these compounds were identified as methyl gallate (1), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl (2), quercitrin (3) and myricitrin (4). The crude methanolic extract and two compounds (3 and 4) were tested as analgesic using the writhing test in mice. The extract and compound 3 caused potent and dose-related analgesic effects, confirming the popular use of this plant for the treatment dolorous processes.
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