PHYSICAL STARTUP OF THE TWAC STORAGE RING Section "Heavy-Ion Accelerators"
N. N. AlekseevP. N. AlekseevV. BalanutsaS. L. BereznitskiiM. A. VeselovС. В. ГапоненкоMaxim GoryachevV. N. EvtikhovichA. S. ZhuravlevV.P. ZavodovV. S. ZavrazhnovP. R. ZenkevichA.V. KirillovD.G. KoshkarevN. D. MeshcheryakovA. D. MilG. A. NikitinВ. И. НиколаевI. S. OkorokovI. PotryasovaV. F. PetrukhinD. V. SosninA. ShumshurovV.A. ShchegolevM. V. ShchelkanovG. MamaevV. A. KrasnopolS. N. PuchkovI. TenyakovVladimir V. Fedorov
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Abstract:
C 6+ ions with energy 200 MeV/nucleon have been accumulated in the chamber of the ring magnet of the U-10 proton synchrotron used as a storage ring in the TWAC setup. A C 4+ ion beam from the laser source was first accelerated in the I-3 injector up to 1.3 MeV/nucleon and in the UK booster synchrotron up to final energy with periodicity 3.5 sec. Ions have been accumulated in U-10 using the multiple charge-exchange injection scheme C 4+ φι C 6+ . An increase in the ion intensity in the accumulator has been observed during several injection cycles. Experimental data on the attained parameters of the accumulated beam are presented, and the status of the optimization of the accumulation regime is discussed.Keywords:
Booster (rocketry)
Proton Synchrotron
Accumulator (cryptography)
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Production, fast cooling, and accumulation of intense secondary beams, antiprotons and rare isotopes, are key issues of the new accelerator facility proposed for GSI. Single primary bunches of 2x10/sup 13/ protons at 29 GeV and 1x10/sup 12/ U/sup 28+/-ions at 1 GeV/u shall be delivered from the new, fast-ramped 100 Tm-synchrotron SIS100. A large acceptance, reversible polarity collector ring CR is foreseen for fast RF debunching followed by fast stochastic pre-cooling in all phase planes. The envisaged total precooling times are 4-5 s for 3 GeV antiprotons and 0.5-1 s for fully stripped RI at 740 MeV/u. Stochastic accumulation of antiprotons shall be made in a separate accumulator ring RESR. The RI beams are transferred to a New Experimental Storage Ring NESR, where electron cooling (EC) is applied simultaneously to internal target experiments. For experiments with antiprotons, a special 50 Tm storage ring HESR shall be equipped with internal target and EC up to 15 GeV, optionally also with stochastic cooling. The HESR design aims at a maximum luminosity of 2x10/sup 32/cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/ and at 100 keV energy resolution at lower luminosity. Basic design issues for the storage ring complex and results of numerical simulations of cooling rates and equilibrium beam properties are discussed.
Antiproton
Accumulator (cryptography)
Bunches
Electron cooling
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A powerful ion injector based on the laser source is needed for an efficient operation of the Tera Watt Accumulator (TWAC) accelerator complex including a heavy ion synchrotron and a storage ring, which is under progress now at ITEP, Moscow. The Inter-digital H-type drift tube linac (IH DTL) structure operating at 162 MHz is proposed for the second stage of the injector linac behind of an 81 MHz RFQ. Consisting of independently driven sections with inter-tank quadrupole triplet focusing, this structure will accelerate highly stripped ions with charge-to-mass ratio above 1/3 in the energy range from 1.57 AMeV at the RFQ exit to 7 AMeV needed for injection to the synchrotron. A maximum beam current up to 100 mA is expected for medium ions like Carbon. Since the operating RF frequency is duplicated at the entrance to the IH-DTL in order to reduce the size and power consumption of the structure, space charge effects become strong. Beam dynamics and structure parameters are discussed in details.
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The components of the first 50 MeV accelerator in the chain of injectors to the 820 GeV HERA proton ring are described including the high energy transport line. An H− beam originates in the cesium loaded magnetron source, is preaccelerated by a radio frequency quadrupole to 750 keV, raised to 50 MeV energy in three rf resonators, and is analyzed in the transport line. The H− ions are converted to protons by stripping, when the beam is injected over several turns into the synchrotron DESY3.
Radio-frequency quadrupole
Line (geometry)
Proton Synchrotron
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The ITEP-TWAC facility is in operation of 4000 hours per year with proton and heavy ion beams in several modes of acceleration and accumulation. The new configuration of laser ion source with 100J CO 2 -laser has been started to use for Fe-ion beam generation at the input of the pre-injector U-3 delivering separated species of Fe16+ ions with energy of 1.1 MeV/u to booster synchrotron UK for acceleration up to the energy of 165 MeV/u and accumulation in the storage ring U-10 using multiple charge exchange injection technique. Some progress is achieved also in extension of experimental area and multi-purpose utilizing of machine to be used in a time sharing mode and running in parallel of several experiments and routine operation with various beams for a number of users. The machine status analysis and current results of activities aiming at both subsequent improvement of beam parameters and extending beam applications are presented
Booster (rocketry)
Charge exchange
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Nowadays, Laser Ion Source (LIS) is the most intense source of highly charged ions for pulse length about 5-10 µs [1]. Therefore it is so attractive to fill the synchrotron rings in a single turn injection mode. By these reasons LIS is using for ITEP TeraWatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility aiming at the production of TeraWatt power level (100 kJ/100 ns) of intense ion beams [2]. The absolute number of carbon and aluminum ions with different charge states generated by 5 J/0,5 Hz rep-rate CO 2-laser has been measured. Low Energy Beam Transport Line (LEBT) consisting of Einzellenses and a buncher have been used to match the source to 2 MV/2,5 MHz injector I-3. The first results of the transmission of C +4 ion beam through the LEBT and the results of acceleration in I-3 are presented. The next steps of LIS upgrading for TWAC facility are under discussion.
Accumulator (cryptography)
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The new CERN Heavy-Ion Accelerating Facility implies besides a new linac also important modifications of existing accelerators. They are imposed by the low speed and the low intensity of the ion beam and, crucially at low energy, by the short lifetime of the partially stripped ions due to charge exchange with the atoms of the residual gas. Once the optimum charge state (Pb/sup 53+/) and energy of the injector (4.2 MeV/u) had been chosen, the operational pulse-to-pulse variability (PPM) of particle species and intensities in the PS and its four-ring Booster (PSB) dictate the main beam parameters.
Booster (rocketry)
Charge exchange
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To increase the polarized proton beam intensity in the IUCF Cooler ring, this ring will be equipped with a new injector consisting of a 7 MeV linear accelerator and an 80 MeV Cooler Injection Synchrotron (CIS). The linear accelerator will accelerate negative hydrogen ions which will be strip-injected into CIS. Tracking calculations have been made to estimate the beam intensity that can be achieved within a specified emittance.
Booster (rocketry)
Proton Synchrotron
Stripping (fiber)
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The construction of the Terawatt Accumulator (TWAC) facility is nearly completed at the ITEP in Moscow. All the major milestones have been successfully passed with a beam of carbon ions, except for the final result (the high power beam accumulation), which is on the way. The beam of C 4+ ions delivered by the laser ion source is accelerated up to the energy of 300 MeV/amu by two steps—in the linear injector I3 and in the booster synchrotron UK. The accelerated beam is extracted from the UK ring and transferred to the U10 accumulator ring. Non-Liouvillian stripping technique (C 4+ ⇒ C 6+ ) is applied for stacking of C 6+ batches into the accumulator ring U10. First experiments with extracted beam of ions have started in 2002. Status of the TWAC components, current results of activities aiming at mastering the ion beam stacking technique, and outlook for the TWAC advance are presented.
Accumulator (cryptography)
Booster (rocketry)
Hydraulic accumulator
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With the completion of the antiproton physics program, the Low Energy Antiproton Ring is now available to be used as an accumulator ring for heavy ions in the LBC injector chain. The proposed scheme for the injection of Pb ions is given, where an intensity gain of 125 is obtained by accumulating Pb ions with electron cooling in the LEAR ring. With a linac cycling at 10 Hz and cooling times faster than 100 ms, 20 pulses can be accumulated in 2 s before transfer to the PS, the next machine in the chain. A number of machine experiments have been performed and will continue this year, in order to establish the techniques required. We discuss injection line tests, ion beam lifetime and vacuum measurements and cooling time measurements.
Accumulator (cryptography)
Antiproton
Electron cooling
Transfer line
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After the successful experiments of beam accumulation and stochastic cooling at TARN‐1 ring, it was decided to construct the more powerful heavy ion ring TARN‐2 which has the maximum rigidity of 7 T‐m, corresponding to 1.3 GeV for proton and 0.45 GeV/u for ions of 1/2 charge‐to‐mass ratio. In this ring both the stochastic and the electron beam cooling methods are prepared to obtain the high resolution and small emittance beam. Especially the electron beam cooling has the advantage of low energy heavy ion beam cooling, and then the maximum e‐beam energy 120 keV, corresponding to the 200 MeV/u of ion energy, was selected. At present the injector is the sector focusing cyclotron with K–67 which accelerates ion beams from protons to neon for TARN 2. In parallel with the construction of TARN 2, the heavy ion linac is now being constructed. The first part of the linac is an RFQ with the energy of 800 keV/u which was successfully tested with proton beam acceleration. After boosting up the ion energy to 5 MeV/u by the drift tube linac, this system will take the place of injector for TARN 2. In this case the heavy ions up to Xe will be accelerated and cooled in the ring. In this paper, the status of TARN 2 including the linac system will be presented as well as the possibility of its application to HIF experiments.
Electron cooling
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