Chronopharmacologic approach to vigilance: models and methods for anti-circadian dyschronic drug tests based on different kinds of murine thermodyschronism following unilateral or bilateral suprachiasmatic lesions.
F. HalbergE. W. PowellW. LubanovicLawrence E. SchevingJ. N. PasleyPaul ErnsbergerRobert B. SothernB. Brockway
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Vigilance (psychology)
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Abstract The Australian gidgee skink Egernia stokesii is unusual among lizards in that it maintains stable social aggregations of related individuals. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether lizards living in groups gained benefits from the collective detection of approaching threats. In captive colonies, lizards living in a group detected an approaching threat earlier than lizards alone, and lizards basking in a group spent more time in a non‐vigilant, eyes‐closed, state than lizards alone. These results imply that individuals in this species gain from the enhanced vigilance associated with group membership. Since many juveniles remain within their natal groups, group vigilance may enhance inclusive fitness.
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Summary ELF3 and GI are two important components of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. They are not only essential for the oscillator function but are also pivotal in mediating light inputs to the oscillator. Lack of either results in a defective oscillator causing severely compromised output pathways, such as photoperiodic flowering and hypocotyl elongation. Although single loss of function mutants of ELF3 and GI have been well studied, their genetic interaction remains unclear. We generated an elf3 gi double mutant to study their genetic relationship in clock‐controlled growth and phase transition phenotypes. We found that ELF3 and GI repress growth differentially during the night and the day, respectively. Circadian clock assays revealed that ELF3 and GI are essential that enable the oscillator to synchronize the endogenous cellular mechanisms to external environmental signals. In their absence, the circadian oscillator fails to synchronize to the light–dark cycles even under diurnal conditions. Consequently, clock‐mediated photoperiod‐responsive growth and development are completely lost in plants lacking both genes, suggesting that ELF3 and GI together convey photoperiod sensing to the central oscillator. Since ELF3 and GI are conserved across flowering plants and represent important breeding and domestication targets, our data highlight the possibility of developing photoperiod‐insensitive crops by adjusting the allelic combination of these two key genes.
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Animals, plants, fungi and even some prokaryotic organisms display daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, metabolic activity and gene expression. These rhythms are not passively driven by environmental cycles (e.g. light and temperature) but are controlled by endogenous circadian clocks that keep
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Attention processes involve different components, such as phasic alertness, selective attention and vigilance (sustained attention, concentration). The aim of this study was to identify possible circadian rhythms in these attention components. Eight female undergraduate students (mean age 17.5 yr, SD = 0.93, range 16 – 19 yr) participated voluntarily in this study; they attended classes from 7:00 to 13:30 hours, from Monday to Friday. Each subject was recorded in a constant routine protocol for 30 h, during which rectal temperature was recorded at one-minute intervals. Sleepiness, tiredness and a continuous performance task were assessed each hour. All performance measures showed a decline through the 30-h session. Indicators of tonic alertness, phasic alertness and selective attention showed circadian variations, whereas indicators of vigilance (sustained attention, concentration) did not show circadian variations. Circadian variations in these attention components may be critical for the performance of many tasks, such as memory, reading, arithmetic calculation, etc. Dissociation of vigilance from the other attention components suggests a strong link between this variable and fatigue (homeostatic process). Circadian variations in attention components are also relevant to the decrease of productivity and higher risk of accidents during night shift work.
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Methods.Three groups of participants were established based on their peak oxygen consumption (Group 1 < 20mL/min/kg; Group 2 > 20mL/min/kg and <30mL/min/kg; Group 3 > 30mL/min/kg). Each participant had an individual evaluation of their circadian rhythmicity characteristics through two well-known circadian rhythms: core temperature and rest/activity cycles. Nocturnal sleep was also recorded using actimetry and diurnal vigilance tested in a car driving simulator.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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