Seed development and viviparous germination in one accession of a tomato <i>rin</i> mutant
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In an experimental field, seed vivipary occurred in one accession of tomato rin mutant fruit at approximately 45-50 days after pollination (DAP).In this study, the possible contributory factors to this viviparous germination were investigated.Firstly, developing seeds were freshly excised from the fruit tissue every 5 days from 25-60 DAP.Germination occurred when isolated seeds were incubated on water, but was inhibited when they remained ex situ in fruit mucilage gel.The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and osmoticum, separate and together, on germination of developing seeds was investigated.Additionally, ABA content in the seed and mucilage gel, as well as fruit osmolality were measured.The results showed that ABA concentrations in seeds were low during early development and increased later, peaking at about 50 DAP.ABA concentrations in rin accession were similar to those of the control cultivar and thus are not directly associated with the occurrence of vivipary.Developing seeds of rin accession are more sensitive than control seeds to all inhibitory compounds.However, osmolality in rin fruit at later developmental stages becomes less negative that is required to permit germination of developing seeds.Hence, hypo-osmolality in rin fruit may be an important factor in permitting limited viviparous germination.Keywords:
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The present study aimed to extract the mucilage from Tamarind Tamarindus indica L and studying some the functional properties . The values of solubility , water binding capacity and viscosity for tamarind seed mucilage were: 87.4 , 17.54 and 13.7 respectively . The tamarind seed mucilage showed varied oil binding capacity from 0.42- 0.73 ( g oil / g dry mucilage ) due to the type of oil used . The results showed a higher emulsification stability from tamarind seed mucilage. This results indicated the ability of using tamarind seed mucilage as stabilizer and emulsifier in food industry .
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The Ficus reticulata fruit mucilage is an edible fruit and its pulp is rich in mucilage. But there are no reports on isolation and characterization of F. reticulata fruit mucilage. Hence, the present study was designed to isolate, purify and characterization of F. reticulata fruit mucilage. F. reticulata fruit mucilage was extracted purified and identified by official methods. The isolated mucilage was characterized for physical, chemical and flow properties. The mucilage was further characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The F. reticulata fruits gave sufficient quantity of mucilage and it has good physical, chemical, and flow properties. The FTIR spectrum of F. reticulata fruit mucilage showed characteristic peaks. It was concluded that the F. reticulata fruit mucilage can be used as a binder and excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Key words: Characterization, Ficus reticulata, isolation, mucilage
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Arabinose
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Abstract The Arabidopsis seed coat is composed of two layers of mucilage, a water-soluble non-adherent outer layer and an adherent inner layer. The non-adherent mucilage can easily be extracted by gentle shaking. However, adherent mucilage is extremely difficult to dissociate from the seed coat. Despite various treatments to extract the adherent mucilage, including EDTA, ammonium oxalate, dilute alkali or acid washes, most of it remains on the seed coat. Here, we show for the first time the extraction of almost all of the adherent mucilage from the Arabidopsis seed coat. Our results demonstrate that ultrasonic treatment was able to extract the adherent mucilage effectively within 20 seconds. Adherent mucilage, like non-adherent mucilage, is mainly composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). The crystalline cellulose content in adherent mucilage was measured as 3.7 mg g −1 of dry seed. Compared with non-adherent mucilage, the adherent mucilage exhibits relatively stable levels of sugar under various environmental conditions. In all cases, adherent mucilage showed higher levels of sugar than non-adherent mucilage. The cell wall remnant could associate with the adherent mucilage, which could prevent the extraction of the adherent mucilage. Our results show that ultrasonic treatment is an effective method for the quick extraction of Arabidopsis adherent mucilage with little effort.
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Plant Physiology
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산약(Dioscoreae Rhizoma)의 수용성 점액물질(mucilage)은 polysaccharide와 protein으로 구성되어 있는 proteoglycan으로 알려져 왔다.
본 연구에서는 종래의 mucilage 정제법인 에탄올 침전법과는 다른 방법으로mucilage정제를 실시하고자 하였으며, 산약의 muclage에 대한 정량법을 확립하고, 산약의 가공에 따른 mucilage 함량변화를 알아보았다.
산약의 물 추출액을 투석한 후, Bio-gel P-100과 Sephadex G-150을 사용하여 겔 여과한 결과 polysaccharide 부분과 protein부분이 서로 분리되어 나타나는 것으로 보아, 산약의 mucilage에는 protein이 함유되어 있지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, mucilage 정량 방법으로는 산약의 mucilage 성분이 alcian blue와 결합체를 형성하여 침전하는 것을 이용하였는데, 반응시의 pH가 정량에 큰 영향을 주어 pH 7.5 근처에서 최대의 반응성을 나타내며 정량성도 높았다. Mucilage의 양은 alcian blue의 흡광도가 1.0일때를 1 unit로 하였고, 각 각 투석 전과 후의 mucilage 함량을 비교한 결과, mucilage 함량은 가열처리시와 투석 후에 두 가지 시료산약이 모두 현저히 감소하였다. 또한 Ostwald viscometer를 사용하여 산약 mucilage의 점도(viscosity)를 측정한 결과, 두 가지 시료산약의 점도는 증건품이 각각의 생품보다 상당히 낮게 나타났다.
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Young, axenically grown roots of grasses are covered by two types of mucilage. Gelatinous material originates from the root cap, and a firm, uniformly thick mucilage overlies the columnar epidermal cells. Histochemical properties of these mucilages are similar in corn, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum, and a Sudan grass – sorghum hybrid.The epidermal mucilage has a thin outer and a thicker inner layer distinct from the epidermal cell wall. Both mucilage layers are strongly autofluorescent, birefringent, and PAS positive. Reactions of the outer layer and cell wall indicate carboxyl groups. These are absent from the inner mucilage. Root cap mucilage has a inner region with histochemical properties resembling those of the inner epidermal mucilage. The outer portion of the root cap mucilage is not fluorescent, not birefringent, weakly PAS positive, and carboxylated.
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Root tip
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Abstract The dry weight (0.1%) and water potential ‐7 kPa) of root‐cap mucilage from 3‐d‐old axenically grown maize seedlings have been determined. The results suggest strong gelling properties and weak water‐holding capacity for the mucilage. Root tips from seedlings grown under low or high water stress were fixed by freeze‐substitution. Micrographs showed that in both conditions, mucilage was secreted into the periplasmic space and extruded through the cell wall, though in dry conditions, the mucilage was tightly pressed against the root‐cap surface. Histochemical and structural evidence is presented indicating chemical changes in the composition of the mucilage upon extrusion and a sharp increase in its hydration at increasing distance from the secretory cells. The possible functions of the root‐cap mucilage in the rhizosphere are examined in light of these findings.
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Petri dish
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