DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACIDS IN SEDIMENTS
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Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids were determined in different environmental samples using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis in order to characterize their microbial community structures. Hyporheic gravel-sand sediment samples were col- lected from Sitka Stream, muddy sediment samples from several weirs on the Morava River, activated and digested sludge from Olomouc water purification plant and sand samples from filters in Olomouc water treatment plant. Profiles of PLFA indicate clear differences between these types of samples. The muddy sediments showed high percentages of ester-linked polyunsaturated fatty acids contributed by river phyto- plankton. The longer chain fatty acids (26-30 C), indicators for organic matter ofCite
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5 samples of fatty acids in marine surface sediment from South China Sea were analyzed for their geochemical composition. The results show that the fatty acids in surface sediment from South China Sea consisted of normal saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. The relatively high abundant short chain fatty acids (C_(12):C_(20)) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and other bacteria biomarker acids indicate that marine microbe might be the predominant source of the fatty acids in South China Sea surface sediment while fatty acids from marine planktonic organisms are rarely low.
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Biogeochemistry
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Phospholipid, ester-linked fatty acid profiles showed changes in benthic prokaryotic community structure reflecting culture manipulations that were both quantitative and statistically significant. Fatty acid structures, including the position and cis/trans geometry of double bonds, were chemically verified by GC/MS after appropriate derivatization. The fatty acid profiles of independent flasks showed reproducible shifts when manipulated identically and significant differences when manipulated with different treatments. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acids indicated that the consortia were predominantly prokaryotic. The prokaryotic consortia of different treatments could be differentiated by the proportions of cyclopropyl fatty acids and the proportions and geometry of monounsaturated fatty acids.
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沿岸堆積物中における微生物のバイオマスと群集構造の季節変動を明らかにするために、バイオマーカー脂肪酸(Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids; PLFA)の分析を行った。これらは飽和脂肪酸、分枝脂肪酸、モノ不飽和脂肪酸あるいはポリ不飽和脂肪酸からなり、それらの大部分はそこに存在する微生物群機能群に特有な脂肪酸であった。微生物バイオマスの計算結果によれば、綱菌のバイオマスは夏季に最大となり冬季に最小となる顕著な季節変動を示した。このバイオマスは春季には秋季や冬季よりも大きくなった。PFLAの分析結果から、堆積物中の微生物群集構造の特徴として、多量の細菌バイオマーカーの存在から分かるように原核生物が優占することと好気雛細菌、嫌気性細菌および真核生物が比較的均等に分布することが明らかとなった。嫌気性細菌の中には、硫酸塩還元細菌に特有な指標性脂質の存在から、硫酸塩還元細菌が存在することも理解された。真核微生物の指標物質であるポジ不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)が概して堆積物中に極めて少ないことは真核微生物の生育がその場の堆積物環境に制眼されていることを示唆するものである。研究期間中に微生物群集構造の顕著な季節的変動は観測されなかった。
Seasonality
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Ergosterol
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