Preliminary study on <i>in situ</i> growth rate of dominant algae species in Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir
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Abstract:
本文提出了两种原位培养装置(培养笼、培养桶)并采用这两种装置在澎溪河高阳平湖断面进行原位培养实验,旨在研究澎溪河典型优势藻的原位生长速率.研究期间主要生境特征为营养物丰足、光热条件优越、生境条件相对稳定,适宜于藻类生长,为水华形成的敏感期;在此期间代表CR型生长策略的湖北小环藻和兼具C、R、S生长策略的卵形隐藻的原位生长速率总体呈逐渐下降趋势,代表CS型生长策略的水华鱼腥藻和空球藻的原位生长速率则先增加后又有所下降,代表S型生长策略的铜绿微囊藻的原位生长速率虽然前期都为负,但总体呈现逐渐增加的趋势;并测得培养笼和培养桶中各藻种的最大比生长速率分别为湖北小环藻0.31、0.21 d-1;铜绿微囊藻0.09、0.03 d-1;空球藻0.16、0.42 d-1;水华鱼腥藻0.30、0.26 d-1;卵形隐藻0.49、0.95 d-1.本研究中,不同生长策略藻种生长速率的变化在一定程度上体现了不同生长策略藻种的生长趋势.另外,就装置性能实验及原位培养实验结果综合分析,认为两种原位培养装置均能够满足对天然水域藻类原位生长速率的测试要求,但装置的构造对藻类实际生长过程仍存在一定影响.;In situ growth rates of the typical dominant algae species in Pengxi River were investigated using two kinds of in situ incubation devices (incubation cage and incubation bucket) for field incubation experiment in Lake Gaoyang of Pengxi River. Adequate nutrients, superior solar-thermal and relatively stable hydrodynamic conditions are the main characteristic of the habitat during the study. The selected environment was suitable for the algal growth and the period chosen was sensitive for the occurrence of algal blooms. During this period, in situ growth rates of Cyllotella and Cryptomonas representing phytoplankton with CR and CRS growth strategies, respectively, were both gradually declined, and those of Anabaena and Eudorina which both represent the CS growth strategies increased firstly and then declined. The in situ growth rate of Microcystis which represents the S growth strategy was negative in early days, however, the general trend of growth rate was increased. The maximum specific growth rate of each species in the incubation cage and incubation bucket were Cyllotella hubeiana 0.31, 0.21 d-1, Microcystis aeruginosa 0.09, 0.03 d-1, Eudorina elegans 0.16, 0.42 d-1, Anabaena flos-aquae 0.30, 0.26 d-1, Cryptomonas ovata 0.49, 0.95 d-1, respectively. In this study, changes in the algae growth rates of the different growth strategies to a certain extent reflected the different growth trend. In addition, comprehensive analysis of the results of the performance test and in situ incubation experiment suggested that both of the two devices were able to meet the testing requirements of in situ growth rate of algae in natural water. There were potential impacts of the incubation devices on the in situ growth of phytoplankton.Keywords:
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Incubation period
Colony formation of Microcystis plays a significant role in Microcystis blooms. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are important nutrient elements during algae growth. In this study, the influences of Ca and Mg concentrations on extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) content and colony formation of Microcystis were investigated, and then the effects of EPS content and specific growth rate on colony formation were discussed. The results showed that Ca had a direct observable influence on the colony formation of Microcystis; however, Mg was not obvious. More specifically, when Ca concentration was lower than 20 mg•L-1, the Microcystis was dominated by single cells, when the concentration was over 20 mg•L-1, Microcystis colonies were found and took up more than 50%, and the size of colony was increased with the increasing Ca concentration. Moreover, it showed that the mean size of Microcystis had significant correlation with EPS content, and lower specific growth rate was in favor of colony formation.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Extracellular polymeric substance
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以巢湖优势种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究不同温度(35、25和10℃)对这两种藻生长特性和胞外有机物产生的影响.结果表明,温度对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻的藻细胞密度、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外有机物浓度影响显著.25℃是铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度分别达到3.12×107 cells/ml和2.03×107 cells/ml.不同温度下两种藻的碱性磷酸酶活性特征,证实了高温对鱼腥藻生长的抑制和低温对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制.胞外有机物释放总量受蓝藻生物量和单位细胞有机物释放速率的影响.铜绿微囊藻的溶解性有机碳和胞外总多糖释放量在25℃最高,最大值分别为49.28和38.46 mg/L;而鱼腥藻在35℃时释放量最高,最大值分别为45.82和40.60 mg/L;10℃条件抑制了两种藻的生长及胞外有机物的释放.鱼腥藻胞外多糖含量在35℃培养条件下最高,而铜绿微囊藻在10℃条件下最高,说明不利的生长条件会促进蓝藻胞外多糖的分泌.三维荧光图谱分析结果表明,铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻胞外有机物以类蛋白质和类腐殖酸为主,温度主要影响藻细胞胞外有机物浓度,而对有机物种类组成没有影响.;We investigated the growth characteristics and dynamic variations of extracellular organic matter (EOM) under the temperature of 35, 25 and 10℃ using Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp., the two dominant species in Lake Chaohu, and the targeting cyanobacteria in the present study. The results showed that culture temperature played an important role in cell density, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and the release of EOM. The most adaptive temperature for Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp. was 25℃, with the maximum cell densities of 3.12×107 and 2.03×107 cells/ml, respectively. The characteristics of APA under different temperature conditions proved that the inhibition effect of high temperature on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and that of low temperature on the growth of Anabaena sp. Total amount of EOM was determined by cyanobacterial biomass and the release rate of unicellular EOM. The highest amounts of dissolved organic carbon and extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS) for Anabaena sp. were 49.28 and 38.46 mg/L at 25℃, and 45.82 and 40.60 mg/L at 35℃, respectively, whereas low temperature of 10℃ restricted the release of EOM of the two studied cyanobacteria. The results of highest amount of unicellular EPS at 35℃ for Anabaena sp. and at 10℃ for Microcystis aeruginosa suggested that adverse growth conditions promoted the generation of EPS. Excitation-Emission Matrice of EOM showed that main EOM of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp. were protein-like and humic acid-like organic substances. Furthermore, the concentrations of organic matters rather than the types of organic matters were influenced by temperature.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
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[Objective] The research aimed to study the growth condition of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the overwintering and recovery periods.[Method] The glass bottle method was used to do the algal growth potential test(AGP test).The absorbance of algae liquid,the contents of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the culture liquid were measured,which were used to draw the growth curve of algae,the variation curves of TN and TP.Then,the growth and propagation rules of Microcystis Aeruginosa were discussed.[Result] The growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa needed the higher temperature,and the low temperature wasn't favorable for the growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa.In winter,the temperature variation had no influence on the growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the exponential growth period,and the unfavorable conditions in the environment had the small influence on Microcystis Aeruginosa in the stable period.In spring,when the temperature rose,Microcystis Aeruginosa in the dormant period started to revive.In addition,the sufficient nutrient salt was favorable for the overwintering and recovery of Microcystis Aeruginosa.[Conclusion] The growth conditions of Microcystis Aeruginosa in the overwintering and recovery periods were gained,which provided the certain theory guidance for the treatment of water body eutrophication.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Overwintering
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The effects of different phosphorus concentrations of water system on DTP, P-in-cell content of tissues (QP) and cell multiplication of Microcystis aeruginosa were studied in laboratory experiments. In the simulative culture medium of Taihu Lake water, the growth of algae was limited by P-limited (ρ(TP)≤0.045 mg/L) firstly and then by light-limited (ρ(TP)≥0.445 mg/L) with the increase of P concentration in the medium, and (ρ(TP)=)0.445 mg/L was the best growth concentration. At the same time, the P-in-cell of Microcystis (QP) and DTP in the medium also changed. When ρ(TP)0.445 mg/L, the cell multiplication of Microcystis aeruginosa was accelerated by the increase of P-in-cell content of Microcystis aeruginosa. Moreover, when ρ(TP)0.445 mg/L, the cell multiplication of Microcystis aeruginosa was restrained by the content of P in the water system.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
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We investigated the growth characteristics and dynamic variations of extracellular organic matter( EOM) under the temperature of 35,25 and 10℃ using Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp.,the two dominant species in Lake Chaohu,and the targeting cyanobacteria in the present study. The results showed that culture temperature played an important role in cell density,alkaline phosphatase activity( APA),and the release of EOM. The most adaptive temperature for Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp. was 25℃,with the maximum cell densities of 3. 12 × 107 and 2. 03 × 107 cells /ml,respectively. The characteristics of APA under different temperature conditions proved that the inhibition effect of high temperature on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and that of low temperature on the growth of Anabaena sp. Total amount of EOM was determined by cyanobacterial biomass and the release rate of unicellular EOM. The highest amounts of dissolved organic carbon and extracellular polysaccharide substances( EPS) for Anabaena sp. were 49. 28 and 38. 46 mg /L at 25℃,and 45. 82 and 40. 60 mg /L at 35℃,respectively,whereas low temperature of 10℃ restricted the release of EOM of the two studied cyanobacteria. The results of highest amount of unicellular EPS at 35℃ for Anabaena sp. and at 10℃ for Microcystis aeruginosa suggested that adverse growth conditions promotedthe generation of EPS. Excitation-Emission Matrice of EOM showed that main EOM of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena sp.were protein-like and humic acid-like organic substances. Furthermore,the concentrations of organic matters rather than the types of organic matters were influenced by temperature.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
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Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Bloom
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
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Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) are among the most toxic cyanobacterial genera and often succeed each other during harmful algal blooms. The role allelopathy plays in the succession of these genera is not fully understood. The allelopathic interactions of six strains of Microcystis and Anabaena under different nutrient conditions in co-culture and in culture-filtrate experiments were investigated. Microcystis strains significantly reduced the growth of Anabaena strains in mixed cultures with direct cell-to-cell contact and high nutrient levels. Cell-free filtrate from Microcystis cultures proved equally potent in suppressing the growth of nutrient replete Anabaena cultures while also significantly reducing anatoxin-a production. Allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena were, however, partly dependent on ambient nutrient levels. Anabaena dominated under low N conditions and Microcystis dominated under nutrient replete and low P during which allelochemicals caused the complete suppression of nitrogen fixation by Anabaena and stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity. The microcystin content of Microcystis was lowered with decreasing N and the presence of Anabaena decreased it further under low P and high nutrient conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that strong allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena are closely intertwined with the availability of nutrients and that allelopathy may contribute to the succession, nitrogen availability, and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms.
Allelopathy
Microcystis
Microcystis aeruginosa
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The Microcystis aeruginosa,Anabaena spiroides and Aphanizomeno flos-aquae were experimented by single culture and multi-culture.Their growth characteristics and the variation of nitrogen and phosphorus content were investigated to discus their competitive advantages.The results showed that,in single culture,the growth advantage of Aphanizomeno flos-aquae was most significant,and that of Anabaena spiroides was next;in multi-culture, the growth of Aphanizomeno flos-aquae was fully inhibited.The growth of Anabaena spiroides was dominant at higher phosphorus content,while that of Microcystis aeruginosa was dominant at low phosphorus content.Both Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena spiroides released chemical matter with nitrogen,but not by Aphanizomeno flos-aquae.The ratio value of nitrogen to phosphorus absorbed by Microcystis aeruginosa,Anabaena spiroides,Aphanizomeno flos-aquae and mixing alga were 12.1,14.8 and 12.5 and 15.2 resp.It suggests that these ratio values are the optimum for their respective growth.This study provides the new evidence to explain the reason of the alternation of dominant species in phytoplankton community in natural water bodies.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Aphanizomenon
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Using dominant algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, during cyanobacteria bloom period in Lake Taihu as a study object, the influences of various factors including pH value, illumination, water temperature, and nutrients condition, on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa were studied through indoor experiments under the nutrient condition resemblance to that of Wuli bay of Lake Taihu. Certain phenomena are revealed from experimental results that there did not exist a single optimal pH value favorable to growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, the optimal pH value was different in the different growth phases, During the process of Microcystis aeruginosa growth Microcystis aeruginosa also affected the water environment inversely, it changes the pH value of the water towards the value favorable to the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, The Microcystis aeruginosa was sensitive to the water temperature and illumination, abrupt change of illumination and temperature affects the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa enormously, the influence degree of the intensity of illumination ranked as 18 µmol m-2 s-1, 24 µmol m-2 s-1and 36 µmol m-2 s-1from large to small, the rate of both growth and death of Microcystis aeruginosa increased with increasing the intensity of illumination in the range of 18~36 µmol m-2 s-1of the illumination intensity, The higher the temperature was, the fast the rate of both growth and death of Microcystis aeruginosa was in the range of 20~28°C of the temperature, The ratio of TN and TP affected the increasing rate and peak value of the concentration of the Microcystis aeruginosa, low ratio of TN and TP (10:1 in present experiment the TP concentration was 0.1 mg/L) was favorable to fast growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, which indicated that the growth of the Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu was restrained by the concentration of phosphorous, high concentration of phosphorous made for Microcystis aeruginosa to obtain dominant position in the population competition. The results provide the basis for further investigation of the possibility of occurrence of cyanobacteria bloom in the Lake Taihu in the natural condition.
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Microcystis
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Effect of Fe3+ on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated by various Fe3+ concentrations in culture media,including 0,10,100,1,000,10,000 and 30,000nmol/L respectively.Biomass,concentration of Chlorophyll a, uptake of N and P by Microcystis aeruginosa during incubation were measured.Superficial structures of Microcystis aeruginosa were also observed under scan electron microscope.Results showed that growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was restrained under lower Fe3+ concentration between 0 to 1,000nmol/L.However,under 30,000nmol/L Fe3+ concentration, growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was accelerated in the first 20days of incubation,following the biomass and concentration of Chlorophyll a represented a fast decrease.Photos of scan electron microscope implied that it may be due to death or autolyzing of algae cells.Results indicated that high Fe3 + concentration could accelerate the deterioration of aqueous environment.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis
Incubation period
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