Short-term Effects of No-tillage on Soil Organic C and N and Available Nutrients in Black Soil of Northeast China
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The tillage experiment trials were established in Dehui County,Jilin Province in 2001.The effects of no-tillage(NT) and moldboard plow(MP) with the crop of corn on the content of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in plow layer of black soil in Northeast China were studied.The results showed that the significant differences in SOC and TN occurred at depths between NT and MP.NT tended to stratify SOC and TN in the plow layer.Aavailable N,available P and available K had remarkable differences between soil surface and subsurface.In conclusion,NT resulted in the obvious accumulation of SOC,TN,available N,P and K on soil surface.Keywords:
Plough
Soil carbon
Soil horizon
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Chernozem
Crop Residue
Ammonium nitrate
Triticale
Soil Management
Soil Quality
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Due to the large extent of degraded areas in the Amazon, the use of conservation systems is very important to contain the advance of the agricultural frontier, and may favor the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). This study evaluated effect of tillage systems on and cover plants distribution of organic P fractions (Po) in oxisol under soybean and grasses in crop successions. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates and five treatments: (i) conventional tillage (CT) with annual soil tillage; (ii) no-till (NT) in succession with Urochloa ruziziensis (NT1); (iii) NT in succession with U. brizantha (NT2); (iv) NT in succession with Panicum maximum (NT3); and (v) a control consisting of a fragment of native vegetation (NV). The Po fractions were quantified at depths of 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm, before and after soybean cultivation and the P fractions were analyzed. The samples at a depth 0-5 and 5-10 cm had increased levels of biomass P in the NT1 and NT2. In addition, at depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm, the treatments in no-tillage systems accumulated the most of the Po labile fractions. These results showed that conservation systems tend to accumulate most of the P fractions in soil through decomposition of organic residues. Thus, no-tillage system was shown to be important for Po supply, where the use of U. brizantha ‘Piatã’ (NT2) favored higher levels of organic P in labile and moderately labile fractions in soil, which was considered the best alternative for Po supply among the species tested.
Oxisol
Panicum
Conventional tillage
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Soil carbon
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ABSTRACT: We assessed the impact of organic N sources on total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools in a Nitisol from Southern Brazil under contrasting soil tillage systems. The tillage systems were conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). The tested N sources were: 140 kg N ha-1 (total N input) either as mineral fertilizer (urea; MIN), pig slurry (PS), anaerobically digested pig slurry (ADS) and composted pig slurry (CS), besides a control without fertilization (CTR). TOC stocks decreased by 1.0 and 5.1 Mg C ha-1 after two years of CT in both 0-5 and 0-30 cm soil layers, respectively. NT increased TOC stocks by 2.3 Mg C ha-1 at the soil surface and decrease by 1.7 Mg C ha-1 at the 0-30 cm soil layer. NT had higher POC and MAOC stocks than the CT soil. POC was a more sensitive pool than MAOC in response to soil tillage and fertilization practices. Long-term and continuous assessment of SOC pools is needed for evaluation of the impact of organic N sources for C sequestration in NT soil.
Soil carbon
Conventional tillage
Soil horizon
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Plough
Nitrogen Cycle
Soil Management
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The long-term effects of yearly fertilizer applications on soil chemical properties and nutrient availability are not well documented for cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Vietnam. In 1990, research plots were established (randomized complete block design) with 12 treatments to test effects of different rates of N, P and K on soil properties in Acrisols (FAO-UNESCO Soil Classification) at Thai Nguyen University, North Vietnam. In June 1998, composite soil samples (0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm depth) were collected from each plot. Nine years of N application significantly reduced the labile pools of soil inorganic P, total soil P and soil extractable K and Mg. Total soil N was only slightly increased in the 10- to 30-cm depth. Long-term applications of P significantly increased soil inorganic P fractions, but reduced concentrations and supply rates of nitrate and K. Moreover, 9 yr of K application significantly increased soil organic C (two depths), soil total N (10-30 cm) and soil extractable K in the 0- to 10-cm depth. Generally, the results show that long-term applications of mineral fertilizers in a ratio of N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O of 2:1:2 (at the rates of 80 N:40 P 2 O 5 :80 K 2 O or 160 N:80 P 2 O 5 :160 K 2 O) are effective in maintaining the total content and availability of applied nutrients, but when applied alone are associated with decreases in other nutrients. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, cassava, ion exchange resin, soil properties
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Minimum tillage
Mollisol
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Ca-amendments are routinely applied to improve acid soils, whilst no-tillage (NT) has been widely recommended in soils where traditional tillage (TT) has led to losses of organic matter. However, the potential interactions between the two treatments are only partially known. Our study was conducted on an annual forage crop agrosystem with a degraded Palexerult soil located in SW Spain, in order to assess if the combination of NT plus a Ca-amendment provides additional benefits to those of their separate use. To this end we analysed the effects of four different combinations of tillage and Ca-amendment on selected key soil properties, focusing on their relationships. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The main factor was tillage (NT versus TT) and the second factor was the application or not of a Ca-amendment, consisting of a mixture of sugar foam (SF) and red gypsum (RG). Soil samples were collected from 3 soil layers down to 50 cm after four years of treatment (2009). The use of the Ca-amendment improved pH and Al-toxicity down to 25 cm and increased exchangeable Ca2+ down to 50 cm, even under NT due to the combined effect of SF and RG. Both NT and the Ca-amendment had a beneficial effect on total organic carbon (TOC), especially on particulate organic carbon (POC), in the 0–5 cm layer, with the highest contents observed when both practices were combined. Unlike NT, the Ca-amendment failed to improve soil aggregation in spite of the carbon supplied. This carbon was not protected within the stable aggregates in the medium term, making it more susceptible to mineralization. We suggest that the fraction of Al extracted by oxalate from solid phase (AlOxa-Cu-K) and the glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) are involved in the accumulation of carbon within water stable aggregates, probably through the formation of non-toxic stable Al-OM compounds, including those formed with GRSPs. NT alone decreased AlK in the 0–5 cm soil layer, possibly by increasing POC, TOC and GRSPs, which were observed to play a role in reducing Al toxicity. From our findings, the combination of NT and Ca-amendment appears to be the best management practice to improve chemical and physical characteristics of acid soils degraded by tillage.
Amendment
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Conventional tillage
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Tillage practices impart physical changes to the solum that may alter patterns of nutrient availability in soil profiles. The soil solution composition may be indicative of altered patterns of nutrient availability. Soil solution compositional analysis was used to compare the effects of 7 years continuous no-tillage (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) management of corn (Zea mays L.), and differing times of N fertilization, on solute distribution in a Loring (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalf) soil subjected to continuous CT for >20 years. Tillage plots received 168 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3, broadcast either at planting (Early) or 5 weeks after planting (Late). Soil solutions obtained by vacuum displacement for three sampling dates (3 April, 8 May, and 24 June) were analyzed for pH, electrical conductance (EC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and total concentrations of K, Na, Ca, Mg, NO3, Cl, SO4, and Al (24 June only). Tillage and time of N application frequently interacted to influence solute distribution in the soil profile. Comparisons of CT Early and CT Late with NT Early and NT Late, respectively, consistently indicated higher EC, NO3, Ca, and Mg for subsoils (>30 cm) sampled under CT. The imposition of NT on a soil that had been in long-term continuous CT resulted in altered patterns of nutrient distribution as reflected in the composition of soil solution sampled throughout the growing season
Conventional tillage
Soil horizon
Growing season
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