Analyses of channel regulation of the Dongping Waterway and effects of sand-borrow on riverbed
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The Dongping Waterway with a wide and shallow riverbed is dominated by fluvial and tidal currents. According to its features, regulation works with two regulating stages were carried out with satisfactory effects. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the fluvial process and regulation works and sand-borrow on riverbed, it can be seen that the regulation works and heavy sand-borrow have made combined effects of regulation and dredging, and that the sand-borrow activity should be reasonably managed and adjusted.Keywords:
Dredging
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The research findings of sediment and navigation of the fluctuating backwater area in the Three Gorges engineering were summarized.Combining the working practice,the laws of fluvial process and influencing factors were analyzed based on the natural hydrological and sediment conditions,river boundary configuration and composition,riverbed evolutionary regularity and rapids and the present conditions of waterway before the construction of the Three Gorges and also the variation of hydraulic factors,distribution rules of sediment deposition,river bed development and tendency,variation of waterway condition and incoming water and sediment after construction.On this basis,the influence of sediment deposition on waterway and ports and the improve measures were also studied in this paper.
Three gorges
Deposition
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The upstream reach of the lower Jingjiang stretch of the middle Yangtze River(from Guchangdi to Beimenkou),alternatively the Ouchikou wterway is analyzed based on the field data.Because of the complicated fluvial process,it is necessary to reveal the process mechanisms and present regulation methods.Based on the measured data,this paper analyses the characteristics of fluvial process and reveals the process mechanisms of bars and pools.Through the analysis of waterway condition,the regulation methods are suggested.The results may serve as a reference for future study of the Jingjiang stretch.
Yangtze river
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Luxikou River is one of shallw waterways of middle reach of Yangtze.Navigational channal changes with the fluvial process of river. In the meanwhile,the shoals exist at the entrance of Zhigan,and Zhonggang branch. It is difficult to maintain the waterway. The depth of waterway be kept upon 3.2 meters,and the carrying capacity of tank barge must be decreased to pass through. For the demands of constructing the main channel of Yangtze River,the measements
Shoal
BARGE
Yangtze river
River regime
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Wannianzhou Shallow is one of the four important shallows between Heyuan to Huizhou reaches of Dongjiang River, the characteristics of hydrology, sediment and riverbed variation of which are influenced by multiple factors such as navigation, water intake and flood control, etc., resulting in some difficulties in selecting a rational channel regulation scheme. In accordance with the real-surveyed hydrological sedimental data and results of river model experiment, and based on the analysis of shallow formation causes, the channel regulation scheme with consideration of requirements in all aspects is presented.
Flood control
River regime
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The waterway from Anxiang to Maocaojie lies on the lower reaches of Songzi River and Hudu River after their confluence in flood diversion area of Yangtze River. This waterway is a seasonal stream. Its conditions of water,sand and evolution is different from those of plain river shoal. Erosion plays main role in the shallow main stream when sand is carried smoothly during flooding.It leaves mud in the shallow when the water of the rivers or the water level of Dongting Lake rises. In this paper,a typical example of Qixingdui shoal is shown. It sums up the thoughts of design and the principles and methods of regulation for this kind of dangerous shoals. A survey is made on this kind of shoals to find the design principle of grooving arrangements and regulation.
Shoal
Yangtze river
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Study on channel regulation affected by human activities in Boluo shoal reach of the Dongjiang River
The Boluo shoal blocks seriously the shipping in the lower reaches of the Dongjiang River.In the last 20 years,the water-sediment conditions and fluvial process of the reaches have been greatly influenced by the human activities such as large-scale sand mining from riverbed,and construction of reservoirs and hydro projects.On one hand,the increase of the discharge in the dry season and the water depth improve the navigation ability;on the other hand,the severe riverbed downcutting results in the continuous drop of the lowest designed water level of navigation,and the rapid increase of the water surface gradient worsens the navigation conditions of the local reach.According to the characteristics of the fluvial process and channel regulation affected by human activities,a 2D mathematical model is developed,which adopts the boundary-fitting orthogonal coordinate system.Based on the verification of the water surface profile,and the distribution of flow velocity and the riverbed deformation,the riverbed erosion and water level decline after the construction of Jiantan Project and the regulation effects after the implement of the recommended projects are predicated.
Shoal
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An obvious change of the incoming flow and sediment has been appeared in the Yellow River estuary since 1986. By in_depth analyzing the characteristics of variation of the flow and sediment, the causes resulting in that variation, and the new evolution mechanism under the changed flow and sediment condition in the mouth, new concepts and countermeasures for the regulation of the Yellow River mouth are put forward. Alternatives to stablize waterways in the mouth are analyzed and studied by using mathematical models. Results indicate that the Qingshuigou waterway can be maintained stable and can be used for a long term if proper regulation project is conducted. Studies also suggest it be necessary to take the Diaokouhe waterway as a reserved waterway and flood diversion channel.
River regime
Flood control
River mouth
Sedimentary budget
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By testing the riverbed entrenchment situation found between the dam of Changzhou hydro-junction and Jieshou river section,the article points out its reason and danger.It also provides the suggestion that,in order to comprehensive utilize of water resources,the relationship between river sand exploitation and shipping development should be better coordinated.
River bed
Section (typography)
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After impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, Jingjiang reach, in the middle of the Yangtze River, has gradually shown a series of atypical fluvial features, adversely affecting the maintenance of waterways. Citing the Laijiapu Waterway, a meandering segment in the lower Jingjiang for example, this paper compared the fluvial features of the channel before and after the impoundment, summed up its navigation-obstructing features, and proposed guarding the point bar on the convex bank and channel bar in the widening section as a key to maintaining the stability of the navigation channels.
Three gorges
Yangtze river
Point bar
Bar (unit)
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Based on the analysis of the evolution process and characteristics of the lower shallow area of Zhangjiazhou waterway in the Changjiang River,we carried out the model experiment for determining the waterway regulation scheme for the lower shallower area Nangang.After implementation of the engineering during 2001-2003,the shallow area disappeared and the waterway condition was improved obviously: The waterway not only reaches the present maintenance dimensions,but also satisfies the construction standard stipulated in the development planning of the Changjiang trunk waterway.
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