Determination of Organic Chlorine Pesticide in Soil Samples by GC
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Abstract:
BHC,aldrin,dieldrin,endosulfanⅠ,endosulfanⅡ,endosulfan sulfate,endrin,endrinaldehyde,heptachlor,heptachlor epoxide isomer B and DDT in soil were determined by GC-ECD with Accelerated Solvent Extraction.The method is a rapid,accurate and effective for the determination of Organic chlorine pesticide in soil.Keywords:
Endrin
Aldrin
Heptachlor
Endosulfan
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Technique of microwave extraction and GC-ECD was used to analyze hexachlorocyclohexane BHC and DDT in soil.Microwave extraction is a rapid,accurate and effective method for the to determination of trace hexachlorocyclohexane BHC and DDT in soil with higher efficiency,accuracy and precision.
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
Accuracy and precision
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Natural substances derived from fragrant vegetables, such as parsley and onion, are known to disturb an analysis of the residual pesticides by a gas chromatography significantly.It is suggested in the present study that those interfering substances can be eliminated effectively by silicagel column chromatography prior to application of gas chromatographic analysis.The proposed procedure gave a fairly good detection of α-, β-and γ-BHC, heptachloroepoxide, dieldrin, pp′-DDE and pp′-DDT from the vegetables for domestic supply, in the chromatogram.Good recovery of organochlorine pesticides was also obtained through the new combination of silicagel column and gas chromatography; the range of recovery was from 110 to 127% for α-BHC, 65-106, 110-130, 83-96, 101-104, 95-102, and 93-101 for β-BHC, γ-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, pp′-DDE, and pp′-DDT, respectively.With these results, the possible application of the present method for practical purpose is discussed.
Heptachlor
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A method was established to determine organo-chlorine pesticides of POPs and their degradative products in the ambient air by accelerated solvent extraction-florisil purify-GC/MS.The detection limits of drinox,dieldrin,endrin,BHC,DDT,heptamul,chlordane,dechlorane and their degradative products were from 2.0 ng to 4.6 ng.The blank recoveries were from 62.1% to 118% and the RSD were from 6.8% to 15.2%.
Endrin
Accelerated solvent extraction
Aldrin
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The analysis method of organochlorine pesticides [DDT(DDTs),666(HCHs)]in soil by capillary gas chromatography was established.The minimum detection limits,precision,recovery and the gas testing conditions were optimized.Monitoring the soil organic pesticide residues mainly p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT,provides the theoretical basis for the understanding of soil organic chlorine content.
Capillary gas chromatography
Soil test
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The health risks posed by organochlorine compounds to the total environment have continued to elicit concern among researchers in developing countries worldwide. Hence, this study focused on investigating the levels of Organochlorine pesticides residues in water sediment and fish samples in Biu dam reservoir. The pesticides residues in the fish and sediment samples were extracted by soxhlet extraction process using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone while w ater sample was extracted using dichloromethane liquid- liquid extraction method. The extracts were cleaned and analysed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) equipped with electron capture detector. Endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, alpha BHC and heptachlor were detected in the study area. While chlordane, methoxychlor, other isomers of BHC, DDT and its degradation products were not detected in all the samples analysed. Endrin had the highest value
Endrin
Heptachlor
Aldrin
Methoxychlor
Electron capture detector
Chlordane
Toxaphene
Endosulfan
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In the present study, we determined the levels of chlorinated pesticide residues in surface water samples collected from the Charsadda district (KPK, Pakistan). SPME-GC-ECD with COMBI PAL CTC autosampler was used for extraction and analysis of 20 organochlorine pesticides in the collected water samples. For maximum efficiency of the SPME procedure, several parameters were studied, including the extraction and desorption time of the fiber, solution pH, agitation of samples, and stirring speed, etc. This method showed good liner response, with R2 values in the range of 0.9887 to 0.9999 for all pesticides. This method also provided good percent recoveries at 1 µg L−1 (87.5 to 106.0%) and at 2 µg L−1 (88.5 to 109.2%). Lower limits of detection for all 20 chlorinated pesticides were found to be lower than their maximum permissible contamination levels. Approximately 50% of the surface water samples collected from the Charsadda district were found to be contaminated with the pesticides γ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin, with maximum concentrations of 0.023, 0.108, 0.014 and 0.013 µg L−1, respectively. For adults and children, the cancer risk from water due to contamination by various pesticides ranged from 0 to 33.29 × 10−6. The non-carcinogenic risk from each pollutant in the water samples of the Charsadda district was found to be in the order of heptachlor > aldrin > dieldrin > γ-BHC. However, the pesticides α-BHC, β-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, endrin, 4,4′-DDD, endrin ketone, 4,4′-DDT, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor were not detected in any of the surface water samples of investigated in the present study.
Aldrin
Endrin
Heptachlor
Chlordane
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A method based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and determination by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) was developed for determination of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (α-, β-, γ-, δ, ε-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, 4,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDE, 4,4′-TDE, 2,4′-TDE, 2,4′-DDT and 4,4′-DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide isomer A, heptachlor epoxide isomer B, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and hexachlorobenzene) in soil.The limits of detection were between 1.69 ng/kg for hexachlorobenzene and 50.4 ng/kg for 4,4'-DDT.The analytical method was applied for determination of OCPs in soil samples, collected in Cluj-Napoca area, Romania.Levels of OCPs were determined in ive soil samples collected in rural area near Cluj-Napoca, Romania using the PHWE-SPE-SPME/GC-ECD method.OCPs were detected in all of the samples, with a total concentration ranging from 1.99 to 7.85 μg/kg.The most predominant compounds were HCH and DDT isomers.
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Aldrin
Solid phase extraction
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Endosulfan
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Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organochlorine pesticide residues from environmental water samples was evaluated using octadecyl (C18)-bonded porous silica. The efficiency of SPE of these pesticide residues from reagent water samples at 1–5 µg dm–3 levels was compared with those obtained by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF (trichlorotrifluoroethane). Average recoveries exceeding 80% for these organochlorine pesticides were obtained via the SPE method using small cartridges containing 100 mg of 40 µm C18-bonded porous silica. The average recovery by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF exceeded 90% in both instances. It was concluded that the recoveries the precision for the SPE of organochlorine pesticides were poorer than those for the solvent extraction method. Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in environmental water samples from two major rivers flowing through predominantly rice-growing areas were monitored by gas chromatography using the solvent extraction method with hexane. Exceptionally high levels of organochlorine pesticide residues such as BHC, DDT, heptachlor, endosulfan and dieldrin were found in these water samples.
Solid phase extraction
Heptachlor
Hexane
Residue (chemistry)
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Residue values of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in groundwater samples from Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, are reported.A total of 60 water samples from 10 main sampling sites in Sana'a City were extracted with the extraction solvents (Dichloromethane : hexane; 3:1) and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method was used for the extraction of residues in water sample.The analysis of the 18 OCPs (4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, a-endosulfan, a-HCH, aldrin, b-endosulfan, b-HCH, d-HCH, dieldrin, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane and methoxychlor) was carried out by capillary gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector ( 63 Ni), split/splitless mode.Three residues of 18 targeted OCPs were found in 3 samples only.Among the various pesticides analyzed only, aldrin (0.0002 µg/l), dieldrin (0.0007 µg/l) and 4,4-DDT (0.0005 µg/l) were found in the groundwater samples.For all compounds examined, all concentration levels of residues were found to be within WHO and European Economic Commission Standards (EEC) for drinking water quality.
Solid phase extraction
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A sample pretreatment method of microwave-assisted extraction-Florisil solid phase extraction clean-up for gas chromatographic(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(GC-MS) determination of the trace semi-volatile organochlorine pesticides in soils was developed.The microwave-assisted extraction and Florisil solid phase extraction conditions were optimized.Under the optimum condition,the recoveries of 18 organochlorine pesticides(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,heptachlor,aldrin,heptachlor epoxide,endosulfan Ⅰ,p,p′-DDE,dieldrin,endrin,endosulfan Ⅱ,p,p′-DDD,o,p′-DDT,endrin aldehyde,endosulfan sulfate,p,p′-DDT,methoxychlor) were 89.56%～114.22%.The instrument detection limit,recovery,precision and detection limit of method were compared between GC and GC-MS.Based on the combination of sample pretreatment method with GC(for quantitative determination) and GC-MS(for qualitative determination) determination,an analytical system for the determination of 18 organochlorine pesticides in soils was established and has been applied to the determination of organochlorine pesticides in soil samples with satisfactory results.
Heptachlor
Endrin
Aldrin
Solid phase extraction
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