Study on Niche of Betula luminifera Population and Its Main Associated Tree Species in Fuyuan,Yunnan
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Using Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index,the niche of Betula luminifera population and its main associated tree species in Fuyuan County,Yunnan was studied.The results showed that B.luminifera had the biggest niche breadth.The niche breadth of Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus armandi ranks second.The niche breadth of other associated tree species was smallest.It indicates that B.luminifera has extensive adaptation to environment and it is the dominant species in the community.The niche proportional similarity between B.luminifera and C.lanceolata,P.armandi was larger,showing that B.luminifera and C.lanceolata,P.armandi had greater resource-sharing degree.But the niche proportional similarity between B.luminifera and most of other associated tree species were small.The niche overlap between most of tree species in B.luminifera community were smaller,which indicated a higher niche polarization of main tree species and a weaker competition in B.luminifera community.Cite
The ecological characteristics of natural forest are affected by niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap.The regeneration niche of main tree populatins in Pinus tableformis community are analyzed by using quantitative method in Ziwuling Mountians.The result shows that most tree populations of Pinus tableformis community belong to moderate niche breadth except Quercus liaotungensis population.All the niche overlaps between populations are limited.The population with wide niche breadth could share the same resources,while the one with narrow niche breadth is distributed concentratively.
Natural regeneration
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By the method of sampling plot investigation and using the importance value of plant species as an indicator of resource status, this paper studied the niche breadth and niche overlap of the main plant species in Putuo Mountain, based on the calculations with the Levins niche breadth and niche overlap formulae. In the main plant communities in the Mountain, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Camellia sinensis, and Carex tristachya had the largest niche breadth in the tree, shrub, and herb layers, respectively. There existed different degrees of niche overlap among the plant species in different layers, being the largest in herb layer, followed by in tree layer, and in shrub layer. Overall, the niche overlap among the plant species was small, with an evident niche differentiation and a larger differentiation in resource use ways. Distribution frequency was one of the major factors affecting the plant species niche breadth and niche overlap. The larger the distribution frequency, the larger the plant species niche breadth and the probability of the formation of the plant species niche overlap.
Niche differentiation
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In this paper, the niche breadths and overlaps of 9 dominant species of shrub in Zengziyan of Jinfo Mountain are measured by using the formulas described by Levins, Hurlbert and Pianka, and the relationships among niche breadth, niche overlap and interspecific association are discussed. The results show that the niche breadths of main dominant species, the niche overlaps among the species with the same or similar environment requirements, and the overlaps between the species with broad niche breadth and other species are much large. The more intense the positive association of the interspecies, the larger the value of niche overlap is, and the more intense the negative association, the smaller the value of niche overlap is.
Niche segregation
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Niche Characteristic of Tree Populations in the Chinese fir and Broad leaved Forest in Wuyi Mountain
The niche characteristic of 11 main tree populations in the Chinese fir and broad leaved forest in Wuyi Mountain was measured. The results showed that there was very significantly positive correlation between the values from different formulas of niche breadth in the Chinese fir and broad leaved forest. And there was also very significantly positive correlation between the niche breath and the important value of main tree populations. The tree populations, whose important value were higher than others, were more adaptable to habitat and their niche breadth was larger than others.Cunninghamia lanceolata, Schima superba,Castanopsis fargesii,Pinus massoniana were belonging to the tree populations of broad niche breadth. The niche overlap of major tree populations counterpart was larger, which showed that the trend of share of resource utilization was obvious and the stage of community was good. The niche overlapping chance between tree populations of broad niche breadth and others were larger than the niche overlapping chance between the tree populations of narrow niche breadth and other, vice versa.
Pinus massoniana
Cunninghamia
Tree (set theory)
Betula platyphylla
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Using the plots of Cathaya argyrophylla community with different habitats in Guangxi as resource complexes(resource position),and the species of important value as the state index on resource position the niche breadth(Levins index and Shannon Wiener diversity index),the proportion of niche similarity and niche overlap of the dominant species populations in C.argyrophylla community were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that: 1) The C.argyrophylla,Rhododendron simiarum,Pinus kwangtungensis,Dendropanax hainanensis,Pentaphylax euryoides and Dunnia sinensis have greater important value and wider niche breadth,and they are the dominant species resources in the community,with higher ability in the surveyed habitat and occupy an important position in C.argyrophylla forest.But Michelia figo,Gordonia axillaris and Clethra bodinieri var.parviflora are on the contrary.2)There is a larger niche similarity among most of the species in C.argyrophylla forest,the ecological characteristics of them are similar in resource utilization.The species with wider niche breadth will have a bigger niche similarity value,while the species with smaller niche width have lower similarity value with other species.3) The niche overlap value is low among the major tree species in C.argyrophylla forest and the competition among main tree species is weak.The species with larger niche breadth have larger niche overlap value and higher probability in occupy or use the same resources with other species,while the species with smaller niche breadth have smaller niche overlap value and lower probability in occupy or use the same resources with other species.4) C.argyrophylla has a large important value in all the quadrats,so it has great niche breadth value.C.argyrophylla is the dominant species and the constructive species in C.argyrophylla forest community.
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Plots investigation based on evergreen broad-leave forest in Fengyangshan Nature Reserve, we used the method of quantitative analysis to measure the niche breadths, niche similarity and niche overlap of ten dominant tree species. The results showed that: (1)The niche breadths were measured by Levins and Shannon-Wiener index respectively, there were many differences between the results, but the largest niche breadth of them was Schima superba, the value of B_(L)i and B_(sw)i were 0.771 and 1.325 respectively. (2)The niche similarities among the dominant species were very big, this showed that they had high similarity in using the resources. There was no obvious correlation between niche similarity and niche breadths. (3)The niche overlap among the dominant species were very big, and the values of L_ih and L_hi were almost the same, this fully showed that dominant species had similar ecological characteristics. If the niche similarity was big the niche overlap was big, so did the opposite.
Similarity (geometry)
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To understand the niche characteristics of main woody species in Pterocarya stenoptera community, we investigated P. stenoptera communities in riparian zone of Lijiang River, China. The niche characteristics of main species in tree layers and shrub layers were quantified with the indices of Levins niche breadth, Shannon niche breadth, Schoener niche similarities and Pianka niche overlap. The results showed that P. stenoptera in the tree layer, and Ficus abelii and Morus alba in the shrub layer had higher niche breadth than other species. The species with larger importance values generally had larger niche breadth, but the rank orders of which were not exactly the same. The niche similarity of main populations in the tree layer was generally smaller than that in the shrub layer. The mean value of niche similarity of main populations in the tree layer and shrub layer was 0.151 and 0.236, respectively. There was a low degree of niche similarity among species within the community, indicating that they had a low similarity in resource use. The niche overlap of main populations in the tree layer was generally smaller than that in the shrub layer, with the mean value of niche overlap of main populations in the tree layer and shrub layer being 0.217 and 0.273, respectively. The niche overlap between the main species in the community was relatively lower. There was no significant correlation between niche breadth and niche similarity. The species with larger niche breadth often had more opportunities to overlap with other species. However, their overlap value was not necessarily larger. Larger niche similarity was often associated with higher degrees of niche overlap. The P. stenoptera community in riparian zone of Lijiang River was the climax community, the relationship among species was relatively stable, the population regeneration was very slow, and the development trend of this community was declining in the future.为了解漓江河岸带枫杨群落主要木本植物种群的生态位特征,在对其进行群落调查的基础上,利用Levins和Shannon生态位宽度、Schoener生态位相似性和Pianka生态位重叠指数对漓江河岸带枫杨群落乔木层、灌木层主要种群生态位进行定量分析.结果表明: 乔木层的枫杨、灌木层的石榕树和桑的生态位宽度较大;重要值较大的物种,其生态位宽度一般较大,但两者排名顺序并不完全一致.乔木层主要种群生态位相似性普遍小于灌木层,平均值分别为0.151和0.236,主要种群间的生态位相似性较小,各种群对资源利用的相似程度不高;乔木层主要种群生态位重叠普遍小于灌木层,它们的平均值分别为0.217和0.273,主要种群间的生态位重叠程度较低;生态位宽度与生态位相似性之间无显著相关关系,生态位宽度大的物种与其他物种发生重叠的概率更大,但生态位重叠值不一定大,生态位相似性大的物种,其生态位重叠值一般较大.漓江河岸带枫杨群落属于地带性顶极群落,种间关系相对稳定,种群更新缓慢,在发展中有衰退趋势.
Niche differentiation
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Niche segregation
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The niche breadths and overlaps of 8 main tree species, 18 main shrub species and 42 main herb species in the Shenweigou of Guandi Mountain were measured using the formulas proposed by Shannon Wiener and Petraitis, and the relationships between niche breadth and niche overlap were discussed in this paper. The results show that the niche breadths of Populus davidiana, Picea meyeri and Betula platyphylla in tree layer and those of Sambucus williamsii, Viburnum shensianum and Spiraea pubescens in shrub layer and those of Dianthus chinensis, Polygonatum verticillatum and Saussurea amara in herb layer were greater, which was related with their own characteristics and the capability of adapting environment.The greater the niche breadths of species was, the more intense the species was adapted to the environment. The niche overlaps among the species with the same or similar environment requirements were great, while those between the species with broad niche breadth and other species were much greater.
Betula platyphylla
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AbstrcatWith quantitative analyzing method, the paper explores and studies the niche breadth, the proportion of niche similarity and the niche overlap of main species of the vegetation layer in C.elevaticostata natural forests. The results show that the majority of the species in the C. elevaticostata natural forests are wide niche, the relation among the species is very complex and many species share in the resource. The proportion of niche similarity and the niche overlap index constitute the niche characteristics of the evergreen broad leaved woodland in subtropical forest.
Environmental niche modelling
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