Destination of migrant workers and influencing factors of Henan Province
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Flow of migrant workers in large scale is one of the most important social and economic phenomena in China. Choice of migrant destinations is a critical aspect of such movement. On the basis of a field investigation of 1091 sample migrant workers' in 33 villages in Henan Province, this study examines the choice of migrant destinations and influencing factors at a micro scale. The research found that, the flow direction and choice of destination of the migrant workers showed both a decentralized and a centralized characteristic. Distance from home area determined the density of social network and cost of household management, and the level of economic growth in destination areas affected the salary level and employment opportunities. These two factors determined the overall direction of flow of migrant workers. Other significant factors that influenced the choice of migrant workers of migrant destination were age, education level, marital status, number of family laborers, per capita average area of farmland, and economic development of the home villages. The migrant workers who were younger, with lower level of education, married, with more family laborers, and from villages with lower level of economic development had a higher probability to work outside of Henan Province and in more distant places,and vice versa. In addition, migrant workers from households with larger per capita average area of farmland were more likely to work in places further away from the home areas. Household management is an important mechanism for the choice of the migrant destination.Keywords:
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Abstract Studying the spatial pattern and determinants of migrant workers’ income is vital for grasping their mobility tendencies to better administer to this urban floating population and propel urbanization. Using 2017 data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper adopts trend surface, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial correlation methods to describe the spatial pattern of migrant workers' income in China. It then employs econometric models to examine the spatial effects and determinants of migrant workers' income. The spatial pattern demonstrates an obvious cluster phenomenon for the migrant workers' income in prefectural cities. Based on this social context, our empirical results further show that migrant workers' income has a spatial dependence effect. Migrant workers' income is positively affected by the migrant workers' individual characteristics (demographics, outflow characteristics, social integration) and negatively affected by the external factors (public social services, economic development environment) of the cities into which they flow. There is salient spatial variation in the determinants of migrant workers' income in prefectural cities, which are divided into multifactorial influence zones, work experience and house price influence zones, and education and family influence zones by cluster analysis, and into eastern and midwestern influence zones according to China's three economic areas.
Household income
Survey data collection
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The rural-to-urban migration of the entire family has become a major trend and an important characteristic of migration in urbanization in present China.This trend has been an influence on both the receiving and the sending regions.What is the impact of migration on these migrant families? Based on an empirical study of 89 rural-to-urban migrant households in Haidian District,Beijing,the authors of this article examine the impact of rural-to-urban migration on the changing perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with gender relationships inside these migrant households by observing the differences of individuals' family status and marital relationships before and after migration.
Migrant Workers
Marital status
Empirical Research
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Down memory lane of the economy of Bangladesh, international migration has been a pillar to the economy. Firstly, the study deals with the factors affecting destination preference of the migrant-sending household and then it tries to screne out the impact of international migration on the household welfare from the lens of diversified destination preferences. Considering sample size of 3782 household, the study conducted the entire research with the secondary data of Household Income and Expenditure Survey Bangladesh, 2016. Sorting the migrated countries among seven regions, Multinomial Logistic Regression has been used to find out the determinants behind migrants’ destination preferences. Additionally, to measure the household welfare based on migrant’s destination preference, the Ordinary Least Squares regression model and Quantile regression model have been used. Therefore, the result exhibits that migrant characteristic like age, gender, years of schooling, and household characteristics like heads’ age, sex, schooling year, region, and earning status plays a significant role in deciding the migration destination. It is also evident that economic and subjective welfare varies among the households for sending migrants in different regions. Total expenditure and wealth index decrease to the households who send migrants to South-East Asia rather than Middle-East. The wealth score is higher for the households who send migrants to Europe, North-America, and Oceania over Middle-East. Subjective welfare index also varies among the household based on choosing migration destination. Therefore, it can be concluded that destination preference affects the economic and subjective welfare of the household.
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Ordered logit
Ordinary least squares
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With economic developing,migrant workers are gradually separated into two groups,one settles in the cities stably,the other still flows among cities and rural frequently.In this paper,migrant workers' migration patterns are divided into two categories in accordance with five variables:temporary migration and permanent migration,Then,we select different variables to explain their economic status and social status,and adopt seemingly unrelated regression to estimate their economic status and social status differences between temporary migration and permanent migration.The outcome indicates that the temporary migrant workers and permanent migrant workers are significant differences in some parts of their economic status and social status.The consumption level of permanent migrants is higher than temporary migrants',their professional reputation is significantly higher than temporary migrants',and their living mode is significantly better than the temporary migrant workers'.
Migrant Workers
Social status
Occupational prestige
Consumption
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Spatial mismatch
Household income
Migrant Workers
Survey data collection
Empirical Research
Multivariate probit model
Ordered probit
Probit
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Using self-collected rural household data in Zhijiang municipality, Hubei province, China, my dissertation addresses three different aspects of rural-urban migration in hinterland China. First, I study the relationship between origin income and the individual's migration decision. I instrument the key variable, the household land, using the administrative record of initial land allocated by the state to the households in the early 1980s, and find that rural-urban migration selects negatively on landholding. I also study individuals' migration decisions that were not selected on the parental migration choices versus those that were. My findings show that the selectivity problem is important. While a negative relationship between landholding and migration propensity is found for the descendants of an immobile cohort of rural residents, selectivity alters the result for the descendants of a mobile cohort of villagers and a positive relationship can emerge. Second, I examine the causal impact of the grain subsidy, which was ushered in by China's agricultural policy shift since 2004, on villagers' urban-bound migration propensity. My study validates the concern that the grain subsidy is dissuading farmers to engage in migratory work, however, the magnitude of the reduced incidence of rural-urban migration is modest. If China values the welfare of the rural sector and would like to continue subsidizing its grain production in a WTO-compliant way, it can do so without jeopardizing the country's process of rural-urban migration or notably reduce the local welfare that might result from a loss of the migrant income. Lastly, I focus on the fall of the marriage rates of rural men in their early twenties and study the extent to which the rise in rural young women's participation in migratory work has contributed to this fall. I find that (1) a 10 percentage point increase in the local female out-migration reduces rural male marriage propensity by 5\%; (2) the impact was felt by both non-migrant and migrant men, but the marriage propensity of migrant men was affected more by female out- migration than non-migrant men; (3) the more educated the migrant men, the less severely their marriage probability was affected by the local female out-migration.
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Prestige
Occupational prestige
Migrant Workers
Geographic mobility
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Based on the large sampling micro-data from the survey on migrant workers conducted by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of Chongqing in 2012,this paper investigated the factors of subjective well-being(SWB)of inter-provincial migrant workers from Chongqing with the aid of ordered logit model.The empirical study shows that most of them considered their SWB asordinaryorhappy,which is affected by their gender,age,marital status,income,housing rent,whether their children live with them or not,the place to which they migrated,their preferences to the migrant destination,the attitude of the people of migrant destination toward outsiders,years of working in the migrant destination and whether they had the plan to work in the place to which they have migrated for a long time.However,their level of education,types of household registration and whether they are insured by medical insurance of urban residents have no significant influence on their SWB.Finally,the corresponding measures to improve interprovincial migrant workers' SWB are put forward.
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Marital status
Subjective Well-Being
Ordered logit
Empirical Research
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Rural-urban migrants in China appear to prefer nearby destination cities. To gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, we build a simple model in which migrants from rural areas choose among potential destination cities to maximize utility. The distance between a migrant's home village and destination city is explicitly included in the utility function. Using recent survey data, we first estimate an individual's expected income in each potential destination city using a semi-parametric method, controlling for potential self-selection biases. We then estimate the indirect utility function for rural- urban migrants in China based on their migration destination choices. Our baseline estimates suggest that to induce a migrant to move 10 percent further away from home, the income of this migrant has to increase by 15 percent. This elasticity varies very little with migration distance; it is slightly higher for female than male migrants; it is not affected by the migrant's age, education, or marital status. We explore possible explanations of these results and discuss their policy implications.
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Migrant Workers
Survey data collection
Household income
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Internal labor migration rates in India have been largely static and low in recent times compared with those in other countries. This is a cause for concern because internal migration for economic reasons can promote the agglomeration of economic activity in more productive locations and directly contribute to reducing poverty through remittances. New evidence based on the India Human Development Survey, which provides a more recent source of data compared with the Census and other household surveys, shows that labor mobility is higher than previously estimated -- the stock of labor migrants increased from 16 million in 2004-05 to 60 million in 2011–12. The absolute number of circular migrants, at more than 200 million in 2011-12, is also much higher than previously documented estimates. Tracking the same households between 2004–05 and 2011-12, empirical analysis based on the India Human Development Survey highlights several socioeconomic factors associated with the migration decision: household income, the availability of information, as well as community networks in source and destination areas. There is also a possible administrative dimension to interstate migration barriers, owing to domicile provisions for work and study, lack of portability of social benefits, and legal and other entitlements upon relocation.
Internal migration
Relocation
Human migration
Stock (firearms)
American Community Survey
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