Study on TPR of the Catalysts for Biomass Glycerol to Hydroxy-acetone
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TPR technology was used to characterize these copper chromium catalysts.The effects of the ratio of copper and chromium, baking temperature, heating rate, hydrogen content on the TPR graph were studied, in order to find out the best reduction temperature and appropriate preparing condition.Cite
Glycerol, the readily available bio renewable material, is effectively utilized for hydrogen production by a steam reforming reaction. The experiments were carried out in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor over Nickel supported alumina catalysts under atmospheric pressure at 600°C and three hours reaction time. 5%wt Ni was loaded over γ-Al2O3 and effect of promoter metals such as Fe and Co over Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalytic systems were evaluated. The catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, XRD and SEM techniques. The activity results showed that the addition of Co enhanced the catalyst performance. The catalysts exhibited a good activity and selectivity to hydrogen.
BET theory
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The application of copper-based catalysts in the production of pure hydrogen in the steam reforming of ethanol was performed. The tricomponent Cu/Zr catalysts with about 4 mass% addition of nickel, cobalt, or cerium have been prepared in our laboratory. The properties of obtained catalysts were compared with bimetallic Cu/Zr catalyst prepared and tested according to the same procedure. Catalytic tests were carried out in the continuous flow fixed–bed reactor in the wide temperature range of 433–593 K for initial molar ratio of ethanol to water equal to 1:3. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, CO2–TPD, and TPO methods. Cu/Zr/Ce catalyst proved to be the best; hydrogen yield reached the value of 400 L/(kgcat.∙h), selectivity towards carbon monoxide was below 0.5% and the one towards methane wasnot detected. Additions of Ni or Co did not bring significant improvement in activity.
Bimetallic strip
Methane reformer
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Lanthanum
Hydrotalcite
Lanthanum oxide
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Thermogravimetric analysis
Physisorption
Carbon fibers
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Ni-Cu/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method using Na2CO3 as the precipitant(pH value=7,9,11 or 13).Ni loading(mass fraction) of the catalysts was 10%.The structure and reduction performance of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR,and the effect of pH value on the catalytic performance of Ni catalysts for the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen was investigated.The results showed Ni/CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared with pH value=9 had the highest activity in reaction temperature 650 ℃~ 850 ℃.The results of TPR and XRD indicated that when the pH values was 9,the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution was improved,which could improved the interaction of NiO and supports.
Methane reformer
Non-blocking I/O
Mass fraction
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Biomass has been considered as the only sustainable source of energy and
organic carbon for our industrial society. Biomass is a highly useful and renewable
resource countless potential for utilization as a basis for hydrogen production. The
behaviour of polyol (sorbitol) from hemicelluloses was investigated in aqueous phase
reforming over supported Ni/Alumina catalysts. The effects of metal loading on the
Ni/Alumina support on the catalytic performance were also studied. The objectives
of this project which are to synthesize and characterize Ni/Alumina catalyst
promoted by Ca for aqueous phase reforming (APR) of sorbitol and to conduct APR
of sorbitol in order to identify the value added chemical that produced are
investigated. The catalysts were synthesized by using several techniques such as
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and H2-
Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR) to distinguish its characteristics. The
TGA results shows that the optimum calcination temperature for all the catalysts is at
500oC. Prior the catalytic activity test, all the catalysts were reduced in hydrogen
flow by using the Tubular Furnace Reactor (TFR).
Thermogravimetric analysis
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Stoichiometry
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The performance of boron oxide (B2O3)-promoted Cu/Al2O3 catalyst in the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol and crude glycerol (a by-product or waste stream from the biodiesel industry) to produce 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) was investigated. The catalysts were characterized using N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Incorporation of B2O3 to Cu/Al2O3 was found to enhance the catalytic activity. At the optimum condition (250 °C, 6 MPa H2 pressure, 0.1 h−1 WHSV (weight hourly space velocity), and 5Cu-B/Al2O3 catalyst), 10 wt% aqueous solution of glycerol was converted into 1,2-PDO at 98 ± 2% glycerol conversion and 98 ± 2% selectivity. The effects of temperature, pressure, boron addition amount, and liquid hourly space velocity were studied. Different grades of glycerol (pharmaceutical, technical, or crude glycerol) were used in the process to investigate the stability and resistance to deactivation of the selected 5Cu-B/Al2O3 catalyst.
Hydrogenolysis
Space velocity
Thermogravimetric analysis
Thermal desorption spectroscopy
Propanediol
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The influences of the catalysts with different supported nickel content on catalytic performance were investigated in a fixed bed microreactor. It was shown that the catalyst with 5% nickel gave the best results for the activity and CO selectivity.With this catalyst,a methane convesion of 92 3% and a CO selectivity of 97 2% were obtained at 820℃。In the operating temperature range(750～870℃),catalytic activity and CO selectivity increased with reactive temperature rising,and at 870℃,methane conversion and CO selectivity were,respectively,94 3% and 97 6%. TPR and XDR techniques were used for catalyst characterizations. By relating TPR and XRD results and temperature with supported Ni amount, the reactive results could be explained.
Partial oxidation
Microreactor
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