Genetic Diversity of Cryptocarya Chinensis Life Stages in Dinghu Mountain,China
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Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptocarya Chinensis were examined in three different life stages (adults, juveniles, seedlings) in Dinghu mountain using ISSR markers. The results indicated the level of genetic diversity of C. chinensis(H_e=0\^1090) was relatively low compared with those species with similar life history, and the degree of genetic differentiation between life stages (G_(st)=0\^0890,_(st)=0\^064 4) was low. Seedlings had higher genetic diversity than adults and juveniles. We also found the increase in genetic distance from adults to seedlings. Compared with the similar life history species, C.chinensis has relatively low genetic diversity, which may be caused by low gene flow between populations. However, genetic differentiation might be attributed to sampling deviation.Keywords:
Genetic distance
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Based on investigation and analysis of 11 natural pupulations of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in China,morphological variation and diversity of pupulations were studied.Variation of all 18 characteristics are significantly different among and within populations.CV among phenotypic characteristics is markably different,varying from 4.249% to 27.31%.CV of fruit traits is minimum,which is controlled mostly by genetic factors.Average phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst)is 22.27%,indicating that the genetic variation within population is the main sources of genetic diversity.The 11 populations are classified,according to cluster analysis,into 4 groups.Besides 100 fruit weight,1000 grains weight and seed length,there was no significant relationship between phenotypic characteristics with geographic and ecological factors,but as longitude and latitude increase,the most fruits,seeds,leaves traits increase.
Phenotypic trait
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In order to show the phenotypic variation of eight natural populations of Sinocalycanthus chinensis,22 phenotypic traits including flowers,leaves,fruits and seeds were investigated.Significant variations among and within populations were found(P 0.01).The average coefficient of variation(CVs) was 12.15%(ranging from 6.40% to 45.87%),while the average phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst) was 41.87%(ranging from 1.14%--85.07% ).The variation within eight populations(58.13% ) was larger than that among populations(41.87% ).The outer-perianth color of S.chinensis varied from white,baby pink,pink to dark pink and the proportion of outer-perianth color varied among different populations.Among the 22 phenotypic traits,eight showed a significant relation with ecological factors.According to a UPGMA cluster analysis,the eight populations were divided into four groups.The differentiation of phenotypic traits was consistent with the geological distribution of S.chinensis populations.
Perianth
UPGMA
Phenotypic trait
Coefficient of variation
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The Taibai larch, Larix potaninii var. chinensis, is an endangered plant only found in the Qin-
ling Mountains in China. It is densely distributed on Mount Taibai and plays an important role in environ-
mental protection in the high altitude zone. In order to characterize the age structure and dynamics of the
L. potaninii var. chinensis population so as to better conserve its resources, 29 plots (10 m×10 m)
were investigated on Mount Taibai. The analysis of the age structure of five populations of L. potaninii
var. chinensis showed that most individuals (68.6%) were concentrated in the 60 - 140 year age classes.
Younger and older individuals were dramatically few. Because of different environmental conditions, dof-
ferent populations developed their own characteristic age structure. The population in L. potaninii var.
chinensis - Abies fargesii - Lonicera hylocomium - moss association showed a stable development tenden-
cy. However, another four populations in L. potaninii var. chinensis - A. fargesii - Betula utilis var.
sinensis - Rhododendron clementinae association, L. potaninii var. chinensis - Rhododendron clementinae
- Lonicera hylocomium - moss association, L. potaninii var. chinensis - Rhododendron capitatum - Juni-
perus pingii var. wilsonii - Carex sp. association and L. potaninii var. chinensis - Rhododendron purdomii
- R. capitatum association all showed obvious declining tendencies. The analysis of life tables and sur-
vival curves showed that even under different environmental conditions, survival curves of L. potaninii
var. chinensis populations belonged to Deevey type Ⅲ, and death peaks of different populations were the
in period of 100 - 180 years old. Time sequence prediction models for different populations after 20, 60,
100, 200 years indicated that the numbers of old individuals would increase in the beginning and finally
decrease, giving rise to difficulties for maintenance of these populations. The age structure and dynamic
trends of L. potaninii var. chinensis populations were similar to those of other endangered species in Chi-
na, such as Cathaya argyrophylla. The key cause for population decline was that shade in the forest ob-
structed germination and seedling growth. In situ conservation should be strengthened in future, especial-
ly for middle and old individuals with reproductive ability. The heliophytic and xerophytic characteristics
of L. potaninii var. chinensis should be considered and special counter-measures for fostering the species
should be made according to these biological characteristics and habitats. In the lower altitudes, non-tar-
get species in the tree layer and some shrub species should be thinned. In higher altitude areas, actions
for fostering forest, such as cutting shrubs, clearing herbs, etc. should be taken, so as to create the envi-
ronmental condition for development of young seedlings of L. potaninii var. chinensis.
Carex
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From Octorber to November of 2008,195 families seeds from 6 Pistacia chinensis population(Zhoushan,Tianmushan,Jiangshan of Zhejiang,Jiujiang of Jiangxi,Baokang of Hubei,Jianghua of Hunan) were collected and sowed in Jiangshan,Zhejiang province for seedling stage observation.The result showed that seedling traits diversity was rich in P.chinensis,phenotypical differentiation coefficient showed that the variation of height and diameter within populations(72.84%),(57.9%)was higher than that of among populations(18.16% and 42.1%);the heritabilities of the seedling height and the caliper were 0.892,0.834 for family and 0.89,0.78 for individual respectively.
Natural population growth
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[Objective] The propose of the study was to report the phenotypic diversity of leaves and seeds in wild population of Chimonanthus praecox(L.) Link.[Method] With 5 natural populations of C.praecox as the tested materials,the 7 morphological traits were made for the analysis of phenotypic diversity.[Result] There was extremely rich variation on phenotypic traits among populations and among individuals within populations of C.praecox.The F value of 7 traits within populations was from 6.612 to 102.148.Among populations,the length of fruit and width of seed were significantly different,and the length of seeds was extremely significantly different.The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (29.57) showed that the variation within populations(70.43%) was higher than that among populations(29.57%).which indicated that the variance within population was the main part of the phenotypic variation.The length and width of leaf,1 000-seed weight were negatively related to the latitude,width of seeds and annual mean temperature,and the relations of other traits and the geography ecological factor all were not significant.UPGMA cluster analysis based on average taxonomic distance(Dist) indicated the genetic distances among populations were closely consistent to the corresponding geographic distances among populations.[Conclusion] The phenotypic variation of C.praecoxc was extremely rich.The distribution and phenotypic traits of C.praecox showed the diversity variation.
UPGMA
Phenotypic trait
Natural population growth
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Diversity index
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Genetic diversity of six reproductive characters was studied in 50 Elymus nutans populations collected from various regions of Gansu,Qinghai and Sichuan provinces in China.The characters included ear length,ear width,spikelet number per ear,seed length,awn length and thousand-seed weight.Shannon-Weaver index analysis showed that there was an abundant genetic diversity(H′=1.873) among populations.The genetic variation within populations(63.8%) was greater than that between populations(36.2%).Genetic variation was different for each character,that for ear width(CV=0.347 2) was the greatest while seed length(CV=0.118 4) was the smallest.The 50 populations were divided into three groups by cluster analysis.All reproductive characters were correlated to various extents with altitude,latitude,longitude,mean annual temperature and annual precipitation.Ear length and spikelet number per ear were highly significantly correlated with altitude and mean annual temperature(P0.01).Plans for the utilization and protection of E.nutans are proposed.
Germ plasm
Elymus
Diversity index
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Diversity index
Caragana
Genetic distance
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The genetic diversities of 5 populations of Solidago canadensis were studied using intersimple sequence repeat markers method (ISSR). Genomic DNA was extracted by a modified NaOH method from samples collected in Zejiang province, China. Meanwhile, the generative organs (buds and rhizomes) of S. canadensis and plant species number in its grown site were investigated. Our results indicated that among 5 populations, the polymorphic percentages ranged from 78.08 to 91.03. Neis gene diversity index and Shannon diversity index were more than 0.25 and 0.38 respectively. The 5 populations displayed some genetic differentiations (Gst=0.3208), showing Jiaxing population and Zhoushan population in one group, while Hangzhou population, Wenzhou population and Quzhou population in another group. We found that the number of buds varied greatly among the 5 populations, genetic diversity of S. canadensis displayed significant negative correlation with the number of buds and significant positive correlation with plant species number in its grown site. S. canadensis population has higher genetic diversity index and less buds, when grown with more other species, than with less other species. The result implied that increased competition from other species of plant community could reduce fecundity of S. canadensis .
Solidago canadensis
Diversity index
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The comparison of phenotypic trait differentiation and genetic differentiation at selectively neutral genetic markers can indicate divergent selection on traits.Phenotypic trait differentiation (P ST ) and two multivariate analysis methods were used to determine the level of differentiation and relationships among seven Juniperus excelsa populations based on 13 morphological characters of their cones, seeds, juvenile seedlings and 1+0 year old seedlings.Significant differences among populations were found for all morphological characters (P<0.001)apart from cotyledon length using ANOVA.According to Penrose and Squared Euclidean distances, the southeastern populations Bucak-Kestel and Gölhisar-Gölhisar (0.970; 12.374) were most similar.Aksu-Sorgun and Eðirdir-Barla populations, separated by a mountain range, were the most different populations (4.647; 47.157).Evaluated as a whole, both multivariate analysis methods gave similar results.Phenotypic trait differentiation (P ST ) for 1+0 year old seedlings that were grown in a common environment was similar in magnitude for the majority of traits as genetic differentiation at nuclear microsatellite markers (F ST ) suggesting the absence of divergent selection on these traits.
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