The research of children intermittent exotropia treatment and stereopsis recovery influencing factors after treatment
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Objective To investigate children intermittent exotropia treatment,analysis stereopsis recovery influencing factors after treatment.Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 70 consecutive patients of our hospital with intermittent exotropia,from Jan 2010 to Mar 2012.Divided into three groups based on stereoacuity,Compared Preoperative with postoperative stereopsis mean,analyze the influential factors of stereopsis recovery.Results The three group stereopsis mean were lower than the preoperative,had Significant difference,P0.05.In univariate analysis,found that the strabismus age,duration,whether the control is the body and postoperative three-dimensional visual training had significant impact by univariate analysis(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression,that the strabismus age,duration,postoperative three-dimensional visual training had significant impact by univariate analysis(P0.05).Conclusion Stereoscopic vision in patients after surgery were improved,according to recovery influencing factors to improve the stereopsis recovery effect.Keywords:
Stereoscopic acuity
Intermittent exotropia
Univariate analysis
Univariate
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Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative fusion,age of onset,degree of strabismus,age of operation and postoperative outcome.Methods The preoperative fusion,age of onset and operation,binocular vision function,and the postoperative position of eye and stereopsis in 119 cases of intermittent exotropia were analyzed statistically.Results With and without fusion and stereopsis was significant for intermittent exotropia,and age of operation may had a role.Conclusions Postoperation outcome may be dependent on the age of onset and with or without fusion and stcreopsis,which is significant for binocular function to be cured.
Key words:
Intermittent exotropia ; Operation ; Fusion ; Stereopsis ; Eyeposition ;
Intermittent exotropia
Strabismus Surgery
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Purpose: To study the associated factors with surgical success of intermittent exotropia of basic type in children. Methods: The medical records of 58 children with intermittent exotropia treated with unilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of the medial rectus muscle and having at least 6 months of follow-up were reviewed. These surgical results were analyzed to assess the association´ with preoperative factors including sex, photophobia, stereopsis, vertical deviation, time of surgery and preoperative angle of deviation and early postoperative changes in motor alignment which were documented at 2 days, I week and I month after the surgery. Results: There was significant difference between the early postoperative overcorrection group and others(P
Intermittent exotropia
Medical record
Minimum deviation
Photophobia
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Purpose: To determine the predictive factors of post-operative stereopsis in patients with strabismus. Method: In this retrospective study, records of patients who received surgical treatment for strabismus were reviewed. All types of strabismus were included. Pre- and post-treatment stereoacuity were measured using the Titmus Stereo Fly test, and predictive factors of stereopsis were evaluated. Results: A total of 194 patients (132 females and 62 males) with a mean age of 14.8 ± 8.4 years were included. There was a statistically significant improvement in stereopsis following surgery ( p value < 0.001). Patients with a higher amount of deviation at baseline had poorer stereopsis on the final examination ( p value < 0.001). Stereopsis improvement was more prominent in the pure horizontal strabismus group, compared to combined horizontal and vertical deviations. Baseline and the final stereopsis were higher in the “exotropia” group as compared to the “esotropia” group ( p value = 0.003 and 0.0155, respectively); however, the within group change of stereopsis was not significantly different between these two groups ( p value = 0.144). Post surgical residual deviation was associated with a poorer stereopsis ( p value = 0.002, r = 0.251). A longer duration of strabismus before surgery was associated with poorer final stereopsis levels ( p value = 0.026). The presence of amblyopia before surgery was associated with poorer stereopsis on last examination ( p value < 0.001 for both correlations). Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, final stereopsis after strabismus surgery could be affected by the type, duration, and the amount of deviation before surgery, amblyopia, and post operative ocular deviation.
Stereoscopic acuity
Esotropia
Strabismus Surgery
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To evaluate the factors affecting improvement of stereopsis following successful surgical correction of childhood strabismus in adults.In a prospective study, consecutive patients with childhood-onset, comitant, horizontal, constant strabismus; stereoacuity of more than 480 seconds of arc in TNO stereo test (absent stereopsis in TNO); and who had successful postoperative alignment (within 10 prism diopters [PD] of orthotropia) were enrolled. Postoperative stereopsis testing was performed using the TNO stereo test at 3 months after surgery.A total of 34 patients (20 exotropes and 14 esotropes) were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 26.08±10.53 years (range, 14-53 years). Stereopsis was improved in 8 of 34 patients (23.5%). Postoperative alignment had influence on improvement of stereopsis; 38.1% of patients who had orthotropia gained stereopsis, whereas none of patients who had horizontal heterotropia (esotropia or exotropia) of 10 PD or less gained stereopsis (p=0.01). Misalignment of 10 years' duration or longer did not preclude the development of postoperative stereoacuity (p=0.31). There was a statistically insignificant increase in improvement of stereopsis in nonamblyopic group (30.4%) compared with amblyopic group (9.1%) (p=0.22). Also, there was a statistically insignificant increase in improvement of stereopsis in exotropes (35%) compared with esotropes (7.1%) (p=0.1). The angle of preoperative deviation had no influence on improvement of stereopsis (p=0.44).A postoperative correction of orthotropia was the only predictive factor for improvement of stereopsis in adults with childhood strabismus.
Stereoscopic acuity
Esotropia
Strabismus Surgery
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The purpose of this study was to investigate serial changes in stereopsis in patients with infantile exotropia during follow-up testing.
Intermittent exotropia
Stereoscopic acuity
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Citations (5)
Objective To investigate the surgery timing for patients with intermittent exotropia.Methods Far and near stereopsis of 36 patients with intermittent exotropia were measured preoperative and postoperative six months respectively,and the results were analyzed.Results Near stereopsis were measured preoperative in 30 cases (83.3％,30/36) with intermittent exotropia.But far stereopsis were measured preoperative in 7 cases (19.4％,7/36) with intermiuent exotropia.There was statistic significance (P ＜0.05).Near stereopsis were measured preoperative in 30 cases (83.3％,30/36) with intermittent exotropia and postoperative in 35 cases (97.2％,35/36).There was statistic significance (P＜0.05).Far stereopsis were measured preoperative in 7 cases (19.4％,7/36) with intermittent exotropia and postoperative in 14 cases (38.9％,14/36).There was statistic significance (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Far stereopsis would be an important factor to choice the surgery timing for patients with intermittent exotropia.Operation is beneficial to restore far and near stereopsis.
Key words:
Exotropia; Depth perception
Intermittent exotropia
Statistic
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To explore the relationship between ocular position control ability and stereopsis recovery in children with intermittent exotropia, and to analyze the influencing factors of distance stereopsis recovery.In this retrospective study, 78 children with small angle intermittent exotropia received vision training for 3 months. All patients were examined for distance stereopsis with the synoptophore and for near stereopsis with the Titmus stereogram before and after the training. The patients were divided into low and high Newcastle Control Score (NCS) groups. The stereopsis of the two groups was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of distance stereopsis recovery.Among 78 children with intermittent exotropia, 33 had near stereopsis (42.3%) and 22 had distance stereopsis (28.2%); the difference was significant (P < .05). After 3 months of training, there were statistically significant differences between distance and near stereopsis in the low NCS group and the high NCS group (chi-square = 7.127, P = .008; chi-square = 13.005, P < .001). The number of children with distance and near stereopsis in the low NCS group increased significantly compared with before training (chi-square = 13.471, P < .001; chi-square = 22.244, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age of onset (odds ratio [OR] = 3.768, P = .001), near point of convergence (OR = 0.347, P = .002), and NCS (OR = 0.142, P = .002) were risk factors that affected stereopsis recovery in children with small angle intermittent exotropia.Control ability is one of the important indicators to assess the severity of intermittent exotropia. The worse the control ability, the more difficult the recovery of stereopsis. Age of onset, near point of convergence, and NCS are risk factors that affect the recovery of distance stereopsis. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(6):350-354.].
Intermittent exotropia
Convergence insufficiency
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To identify the predictors for motor outcome and response to surgical treatment of primary exotropia.Taunton and Somerset Hospital, Somerset, United Kingdom.Retrospective analysis of the surgical treatment of primary exotropia performed in our department over a period of 12 years from April 1991 to May 2003.Case-notes of the patients who had surgical treatment for primary exotropia for the specified period were identified by a hospital computer database (MDI coding). All case-notes were reviewed and the following data were recorded and used for statistical analysis: age at the time of surgery, type and severity of exotropia, presence of amblyopia, AV pattern and vertical deviation, the level of stereopsis, type of surgery, and motor and cosmetic results. The surgical outcome was determined as good motor outcome if tropia was within 10 PD of orthotropia. The response to surgery was derived from the difference between the preoperative and postoperative angle of deviation for distance per amount of muscle surgery in millimetres.A total of 124 cases were included in the study. Good motor outcome was achieved in 83 (67%) cases. There was a positive correlation between the preoperative angle of deviation at distance and dose response to surgery (r = 0.6 and p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between average corrected visual acuity and response (r = -0.21 and p = 0.025). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between preoperative stereopsis and response to surgery (p = 0.02).Surgical treatment for exotropia is effective and the dose response is correlated to the preoperative angle of deviation and average visual acuity. Poor or no preoperative stereopsis was associated with better response to surgery.
Esotropia
Minimum deviation
Orthoptics
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Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative changes of stereopsis after surgical correction of adult strabismus. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated strabismus patients older than 16 years at the time of operation at our hospital between April of 1999 and December of 2006. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 53 exotropia and 11 esotropia patients. We divided the pre-operative stereopsis into three groups:above 3000 arc of sec, between 3,000 to 100 arc of sec, and below 100 arc of sec. We analyzed the correlation between the post-operative status of stereopsis and the pre-op type of strabismus, the onset and duration of strabismus, and the presence or absence of amblyopia. Results: In patients who had pre-op stereopsis above 3,000 arc of sec, 31.6% showed improvement, whereas 77.8% of patients who had pre-operative stereopsis between 3,000~100 showed improvement; this value was 89.5% for patients with pre-operative stereopsis below 3000. 94.5% of patients in the intermittent exotropia group who had a good pre-operative stereopsis condition showed postoperative improvement and maintenance. For those patients with poor stereopsis at pre-operative, 32.2% of patients with exotropia and 18.1% of patients with esotropia showed improvement. Stereopsis decreased when consecutive esotropia occurred. Conclusions: This study showed deterioration of stereopsis in patients with consecutive esotropia. Post-operative stereopsis was correlated with the pre-operative stereopsis status and with the type of strabismus. No other factors that we examined were correlated with stereopsis. Post-operative stereopsis in exotropiaand intermittent exotropia were better than esotropia and constant exotropia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(11):1807-1811
Esotropia
Intermittent exotropia
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Objective To investigate binocular visual function changes in patients with different types of intermittent exotropia before and after operation,and assess the impacts of different operative methods in correcting patients' vision.MethodsThis study consisted of 120 cases dividing into basic(29 cases),convergence insufficiency(80 cases) and divergence excess(11 cases) groups.The rates of orthophoria,convergence recovery and stereopsis recovery after surgery were compared among the groups.The convergence-insufficiency group was further divided into two subgroups according to different operative methods: group A(30 cases) received bilateral or uni-lateral rectus recession;group B(50 cases) received medial rectus resection as well as uni-lateral recession.The orthophoria rate,convergence recovery rate,stereopsis recovery rate,residual exotropia rate and consecutive rate after operation were compared between group A and B.Results There was no signi-ficant difference in the orthophoria among the three different intermittent exotropia types(P0.05).The differences in convergence and stereopsis recovery between insufficiency type and other two types of exotropia after operation were statistically significant(χ2 = 3.86-6.47,P0.05),while such differences between basic type and divergence excess type were not statistically significant(P0.05).There were significant differences in orthophoria rate,convergence recovery rate,stereopsis recovery rate and residual exotropia rate between groups A and B(χ2=4.75-6.70,P0.05),however,the difference in consecutive esotropia rate between these two groups was not significant(P0.05).Conclusion The binocular vision recovery after operation in convergence insufficiency exotropia was poor.Uni-lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection was performed to improve orthophoria rate and binocular vision.
Convergence insufficiency
Intermittent exotropia
Esotropia
Recovery rate
Orthoptics
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