Effects of Two Novel Pesticides on Micronucleus Formation in Allium sativum and Vicia faba
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Effects of two pesticides, imidacloprid[1- (6- chloro-3 -pyridylmethyl) -N- nitro- imdazolidin -2- ylideneamine] and RH-5849[2-benzoy-1-tert-butylbenzoylhydrazine],on the rates of micronucleus formation in root tip cells of Allium sativum and Vicia faba, respectively are studied in the present investigation. Compared with negative control group, results showed that rates of micronucleus formation in the Allium sativum and Vicia faba were not remarkably different (P0.05), but significantly different (P0.01) when compared with positive control. The results indicated that neither imidacloprid nor RH-5849 exhibited significant effects on the micronuclei frequency in root tip cells of Allium sativum and Vicia faba.Keywords:
Vicia
Root tip
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[Objective]The aim was to study micronucleus phenomenon of Vicia faba induced by four invorment pollution reagent in order to assess some of the dangers of pollution.[Method]By the mature root tip cells of Vicia faba micronucleus in substantial progress in water pollution monitoring,micronucleus phenomenon of Vicia faba induced by four invorment pollution reagent was studied.[Result]It was found that a representative of the environmental pollutants such as formaldehyde,acrylamide,lead nitrate,SO2 derivatives could result in root tip cells of Vicia faba micronucleus frequency of interphase cells to increase significantly,but different pollutants at different concentrations varied degrees of micro-nuclear phenomenon,and in a certain range of concentration would increase the micronucleus rate,but would decline.[Conclusion] Formaldehyde and acrylamide had evident genotoxic effects on root tip cells of Vicia faba,lead nitrate had not evident genotoxic effects,and SO2 derivatives had a certain genotoxic effect at low concentration,and had evident genotoxic effects at high concentration.
Vicia
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Purpose and Methods: The mutagenecity of two batches of chlorine dioxide(ClO\-2) were studide using micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tip cells. Results: The frequencies of micronucleus of two kinds of ClO\-2 were (17.91±4.80)‰ and (17.5±3.12)‰ respectively when the diluent multiple of ClO\-2 was at 1:100. Comparing with the tap water group, the differences(χ\+2\-A=30.57, χ\+2\-B=29.60 P0.01) was statistically \{significant\} and the dose effect relationship ws clear. Conclusion: Clorine dioxide has mutagenicity. We should pay attention to safety of its apllication in food and water.
Tap water
Diluent
Root tip
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The micronucleus(MCN) test technique was adopted to study the mutagenic effect of 3 pesticides(Metghamidophos,Thiophanate-methyl and Moroxydine hydrochloride),used in the normal concentration range,on the root tips of faba bean(Vicia faba).Micronucleus frequency(MNF) of the root tips of V.faba in the treatments of any of the pesticides was higher than that in the control(P0.05 or P0.01),and the relationship between the concentration of the pesticide and MNF showed a dosage effect.The mutation-inducing effect of Moroxydine hydrochloride was higher than that of the other two pesticides.
Hydrochloride
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In order to determine the degree of biological genetic injury induced by PPCPs, the genotoxic effects of the doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), triclocarban (TCC) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in the concentration range of 12.5-100 mg · L⁻¹ were studied using micronucleus rate and micronucleus index of Vicia-fabe and garlic. The results showed that: (1) When the Vicia-faba root- tip cells were exposed to DOX, CIP, TCC and CBZ, micronucleus rates were higher than 1.67 ‰ (CK₁), it was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the micronucleus index was even greater than 3.5; With the increasing concentrations of the PPCPs, the micronucleus rates first increased and then decreased. (2) When the garlic root tip cells were exposed to DOX, CIP, TCC and CBZ respectively, the micronucleus rates were less than those of the Vicia-faba, while in most treatments significantly higher than that of the control group (0.67‰). The micronucleus index was higher than 3.5 in the groups exposed to CIP with concentrations of 25, 50, 100 mg · L⁻¹ and TCC and CBZ with concentrations of 25 mg · L⁻¹; With the increase of exposure concentrations, the micronucleus rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as well. (3) Under the same experimental conditions, the cells micronucleus rates of the garlic cells caused by the four tested compounds were significantly lower than those of Vicia-faba. (4) The micronucleus index of the root tip cells of Vicia-faba and garlic treated with the four kinds of compounds followed the order of CIP > CBZ > TCC > DOX. These results demonstrated that the four compounds caused biological genetic injury to root-tip cells of Vicia-faba and garlic, and the genetic damage caused to garlic was significantly lower than that to Vicia-faba. The damages caused by the four kinds of different compounds were also different.
Clastogen
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[Objective] The aim was to research the genotoxicity of shampoo concentrations of 3 brands to root tip of Vicia faba cell,and provide the reference for genotoxicity of shampoo to human body.[Method] Using micronucleus technique,the micronucleus permillage and chromosome aberration percentage root tip cell of Vicia faba were observed,and then carried out photomicrography.[Result] Mutating for 4 hours,the difference of micronucleus rate was significant or extremely significant(P0.05 or P0.01) between test groups and control group,there was significant relations of dose and benefit,during shampoo of 3 brands,the mutagenic effect of Kangwang was maximum,Rejoice was minimum.[Conclusion] Shampoo was as a kind of organic pollutants,it has some potential risk to human body and must be highly valued.
Root tip
Chromosome aberration
Positive control
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Nitrilotriacetic acid
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Vicia faba root tips micronucleus test to study on effect of water extract of Allium cepa L.on micronucleus rate of Vicia faba root tips induced by cyclophosphamide,which provided the experimental basis for exploiting the antimutation-function of Allium cepa L.When the concentration of water extract of Allium cepa L.was between 0.1 g/mL and 1.0 g/mL,it did not induce micronucleus rate increases,micronucleus index below 1.5.In addition,it could inhibit the micronucleus rate of Vicia faba root tip cells induced by cyclophosphamide,and the rate of inhibitation was between 19.79 % and 66.70 %,which was in some relationship with the concentration of water extract of Allium cepa L.r=0.974 5.The result of research indicated that the water extract of Allium cepa L.had some anti-mutation function.
Root tip
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Micronucleus(MCN) test of Vicia faba root-tip was conducted to study the mutation inducing effect of three pesticides: methamidophos(Me),thiophanate-methyl(Th) and moroxydine hydrochloride(Mo) in their normally used concentrations.When each of the three pesticides is used alone,the micronucleus frequencies(MNF) of Vicia faba root-tips of the three test groups are higher than those of the control group(P0.01),showing a dosage effect,and Mo gives more obvious inductive effect than the other two pesticides do.When the three pesticides are used together,the high concentration groups show antagonistic actions,the middle and the low concentration groups show synergistic actions,and different concentrations of the pesticides do not exhibit dosage effects.The optimum concentrations of the pesticides are 0.230 0 to 0.250 0 g·L~(-1) for Me,0.468 0 to(0.526 0 g·L~(-1))for Th,and 0.055 6~0.059 2 g·L~(-1)for Mo.
Methamidophos
Root tip
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Objective:To investigate the mutation of Scallion and compare the effect of different polar Scallion extract on micronucleus rate.Methods:Micronucleus tests were conducted in Vicia faba root tips treated with different concentrations of Scallion extract.Results:Different concentrations of Scallion water extract and ethanol extract treated in Vicia faba root tips.Comparing with the control group,the difference was not significant(P0.05),and micronucleus index1.5.So Scallion water extract and ethanol extract had no mutagenic effect.Scallion water extract had more inhibitory effect on micronucleus rate Compared with ethanol extract.The concentrations of scalli water extract between 0.008 g/ml and 0.08g/ml had micronucleus index in the range between 0.76-0.95(mean1.0),and reduced with the increasing of the concentration.The ethanol extract on micronucleus was no significant effect.Its micronucleus index 1.09-1.28(1.5) tended to decrease with increasing concentration.
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Cytogenetic damage induced by benzidine in Allium sativum root tips was investigated.The results showed that mitotic index(MI) decreased,but the frequencies of micronuclei(MN) and the frequencies of binucleate(BN) increased significantly in Allium sativum root tips after seedlings were exposed to benzidine solutions at the concentrations of 0.5～40.0 mg·L-1 for 6 h.The mitotic index had a negative response to the treatment concentrations.However,beyond concentration of 2.5 mg·L-1,benzidine restrained the appearance of micronucleus and binucleate.It was suggested that benzidine induce cytogenetic damage in plant cells and A.sativum root tip cells.Our results from micronucleus test may be used to monitor benzidine pollutant in the environment.
Benzidine
Mitotic index
Tradescantia
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