Determination of geochemical baseline and pollution assessment of surficial soil heavy metals in Harbin city
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In this paper,based on sampling and testing on the spot,geo-accumulation index and pollution load index were selected to evaluate the four elements pollution in surficial soil(Hg,Cd,Pb,As),including 103 samples.geo-accumulation index can assess pollution degree in term of single factor and pollution load index was used to evaluate integrated pollution of the whole area.The step of visualization for the spatial heavy metals assessment was finished in ArcGIS workstation.Analyzing through geo-accumulation index,the pollution degrees of Hg,Cd,Pb,and As were dominated by the first grade and second grade,which is corresponded to non-pollution,slight pollution or moderate pollution.The third grade also exists,especially Hg.In addition,the last two pollution levels exist for the metals of Hg and Cd whose percentage are very low.The results are gained by using pollution load index,point pollution load index(IPL)mainly belongs to the first grade and zone pollution load index(IPLzone)is 1.478,which belongs to the first grade.Keywords:
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The heavy metals including Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg and Pb were analyzed and evaluated by using Nemerow comprehensive pollution index( NI),geoaccumulation index( Igeo),potential ecological risk index( RI)and sediment quality guildeline( SQG) in order to comprehensively understand the heavy metals pollution situation of Hailang river basin. The results indicated that the pollutions of Zn,Cd and Hg were heavier during the wet and average seasons; the evaluation results were different because the four evaluation methods had different focus and use field restriction; correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among Cr,Cu,Cd and Pb which may have a similar pollution source,this needs to attract the attention of relevant departments.
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Inner mongolia
Soil test
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In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.
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In the present study, a total of 1130 soil samples were collected in 2003 and 2013 in the Ningbo city district, and the content of eight typical heavy metals were measured. The degree of heavy metal pollution in the soil in the study area was evaluated using the pollution index evaluation method. The temporal and spatial variation in the pollution were analyzed by the geostatistics method, and principal component analysis (PCA) and the UNMIX model were used to analyze the heavy metal pollution sources. The results showed that:① excluding As, the mean values of the other seven heavy metals in both periods exceeded the soil background values in Zhejiang province and national background values, which indicated that heavy metal pollution is common in the soil from the study area. From 2003 to 2013, the mean content of all elements increased to some degree, indicating that the heavy metals pollution was generally aggravated in 10 a; the increase in the mean Hg content was the greatest. ② The evaluation results based on the single-factor pollution index showed that the pollution degree was high for Hg; moderate for Cd, Cu, and Pb; slight for Zn, Cr, and Ni; and unpolluted for As. The evaluation results based on Nemero's comprehensive pollution index showed that the pollution index for all samples exceeded the precaution value, and the number of soil samples that were characterized as heavily polluted with a comprehensive pollution index over 3 had increased significantly. ③ The spatial distribution of the same heavy metal in different periods presented similar characteristics. Generally speaking, the spatial distribution of Pb was similar to that of Hg, and the spatial distributions of Cr, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni were similar to each other; high value areas were mainly concentrated in the four areas of Haishu, Jiangbei, Jiangdong, and Zhenhai districts, where the polluted enterprises were densely distributed and human activities were frequent. ④ Based on PCA and the UNMIX receptor model, the source analysis results of soil heavy metals in 2013 were essentially the same, i.e., the source of heavy metal pollution in the study area included industrial sources and living sources. Industrial sources of heavy metal pollution had the highest contribution rate and derived from industrial wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue discharged by plasticizing, mining, and metallurgical enterprises; chemical and mechanical manufacturing enterprises; etc., causing the accumulation of Cr, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in the soil. The living sources had the second highest contribution rate and originated from the pollution of particulates and dust caused by domestic waste, automobile exhaust, and road wear. Additionally, natural factors had small contribution rates, mainly due to the spread of pollutants by prevailing winds and atmospheric settlement.
Geostatistics
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Soil test
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8 heavy metal elements(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,Zn,Ni) in 194 soil samples in Shiya town of Guang'an city were determined.Results indicated that the content of Cd and Hg in some areas was over standard according to the soil environmental quality standard(GB15618-1995).The heavy metal pollution status in project area was evaluated with the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index.The results showed that the soil had not been polluted by the 8 heavy metals.
Soil test
Environmental Quality
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The study evaluated eight heavy metals content and soil pollution from agricultural soils in northern China. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis approaches were used to determine the anthropogenic and natural contribution of soil heavy metal concentrations. Single pollution index and integrated pollution index could be used to evaluate soil heavy metal risk. The results show that the first factor explains 27.3% of the eight soil heavy metals with strong positive loadings on Cu, Zn, and Cd, which indicates that Cu, Zn, and Cd are associated with and controlled by anthropic activities. The average value of heavy metal is lower than the second grade standard values of soil environmental quality standards in China. Single pollution index is lower than 1, and the Nemerow integrated pollution index is 0.305, which means that study area has not been polluted. The semivariograms of soil heavy metal single pollution index fitted spherical and exponential models. The variable ratio of single pollution index showed moderately spatial dependence. Heavy metal contents showed relative safety in the study area.
Agricultural Pollution
Environmental Quality
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Soil test
Copper mining
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Topsoil
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Being chronically accumulated in the pedosphere,the heavy metal elements and other elements bring certain influences on the environment and consequently were harmful to the food chain.The division on pollution degree of soil elements is of great importance to acquire current soil environment situation.Based on the multi-objective regional geochemical survey data,in this paper,heavy metal elements including Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr according to soil environmental quality level Ⅰ standard value and F element according to level Ⅰ recommended value were chosen to calculated the pollution index by Nemerow formula and finally used to drew the figure of soil pollution levels,respectively.As a result,the Yinchuan basin would be divided into cleaning area,basic cleaning area,initial pollution area,light pollution area,moderate pollution area and severe pollution area,and additionally the pollution sources were also analyzed and summarized.
Environmental Quality
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