An Overview of China's Humanism Research in the New Era
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China's humanism research in the new era began in the 1980's.The study focused mainly on the following issues: Relationship between Marxism and Humanism,Humanism level and Humanism's position in Marxism.In the process of research,three representative views were formed: First,on relationship between Marxism and Humanism,three points are included: Marxism is science,Marxism is Humanism and Marxism includes elements of Humanism but not Humanism.Second,on Humanism level,three points are included: one level,two levels and three levels.Third,on Humanism's position in Marxism,four points are consisted of: Humanism is Marxism moral principles;Humanism is Marxism values;Humanism is an unity of Marxism's outlook on world,values and moral principles;Humanism and Marxism shares some overlaps.Cite
Professor Zhang Yi-bing has made special contributions in the field of studies of Marxism abroad. He not only made many case studies of Western Marxism, but also put forward a new framework for the research of this field. His basic point is that Western Marxist tradition had ended in 1968 after the publication of Negative Dialectics because the principles of authentic Marxism and the critique of capitalism had been abandoned. From then on, Marxism in western world was divided into three trends: post-Marxism, postmodern Marxism and Neo-Marxism. Although this view is illuminating, it is partial to some degree. This article will argue that, according to the change of theoretical logic and social reality, the historical process of Western Marxism can be divided into four types: modernist Marxism, postmodernist Marxism, Marxism of modernity and Marxism of postmodernity. Here the division is based on the problem of whether Western Marxists are still insisting on the relevance of Marxian dialectic of modernity, instead of the principle of authentic Marxism, the critique of capitalism, or the categories of identity and totality.
Dialectic
Neo-Marxism
Postmodernity
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Members of the CCP jointed China basic condition to the humanism of Marxism,and fulfilled the viewpoints like the political liberation of human beings,economic liberation and the all-round development of human beings.MAO Ze-dong,DENG Xiao-ping,JIANG Ze-min and HU Jin-tao's viewpoints of humanism come into being.All of these humanism point of views,which reflect humanism care of Marxism,provide historic,cultural and emotional care for our Chinese people.
Viewpoints
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It has a market quite yet to understand Marxism as humanism in the current academic and political life(ideology) field.Although it has the inevitability of reality and necessity, humanism way of understanding in general of the Marxist philosophy is not the correct.Marxism in the determinately sense, can approve the humanitarian reasonable thinking, but the humanism Marxism, can only reduce the level of Marxist theory and blur the boundaries of historical materialism and historical idealism.
Materialism
Historical materialism
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Marx's dissertation on humanism can be defined into three dimensions as physiology,social attribute and rational sense.While individual's rational features which include a person's free choices are the most significant part.Marx's dissertation on humanism is of vital importance to modern education.
Humanistic education
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At present,the complicate and divided phenomeno,which perfoms a group of connected conceptions,example for Marxisimand Chinization,sinofication Marxismand Marxst philosophy, Chinese Marxismand Marxismoriginates in the sinofication of Marxism research.These connected conceptions indicate different research visual field,and conform that sinofication of Marxism is a scientifical subject.To analyze these conceptions will deepen and expand the problem and field of sinofication Marxism research.
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Post-Marxism is the new thought trend following the western Marxism.Post-Marxism emanates from western Marxism.It accepts the value of Marxism to a certain extent,advocates to exceed traditional Marxism and it has something common with western Marxism.However,Post-Marxism builds on the basis of post-modern theories,has the tendency to deconstruct Marxism,and has comparatively unique theories.
Neo-Marxism
Value (mathematics)
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With abundant theoretical connotation,Marx's thoughts of humanism constitute an intact ideological system including its own starting point,standpoint,value of demands and ultimate goal.The interpretation of its connotation should be based on the ontology,views of history and theories of value.Marx's thoughts of humanism are fundamentally different from Feuerbach's humanism,modern humanism trend in the West and Chinese traditional mass-based concept.It is of great contemporary significance to define Marx's thoughts of humanism.
Connotation
Value (mathematics)
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Since the reform and opening up, Chinese scholars' understanding of the relations of Marxism and humanism undergone three periods. Man the first is a scientific proposition of Marxist humanism, which is a scientific understanding of the relations of Marxism and humanism. The change and development of the relations of Marxism and humanism shed much light on our understanding of what Marxism is, how to treat Marxism and the law of Marxism.
Proposition
Neo-Marxism
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Ethnicalization of Marxism is a conception with rich connotations. And according to different substances,objects and contents,it can be divided into three levels. The first is the internationalization of Marxism,a process that Marxist classical writers' discourse and guidance are extended on Eastern and Western peoples in human society towards the world history. The second is the nationalization of Marxism,a process that Marxist theories are practiced and then the acquired experience or specific theories are enhanced to the theoretical level of Marxism by each nation-state. The third is popularization of Marxism,a process that the Marxist world outlooks and methodologies,as well as native Marxism are publicized and recognized by individuals from all domestic ethnic groups. These three levels are mutually inter-related and interactive on the ethnicalization of Marxism.
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The people-centred concept is a basic principle of Marxism.The people-centred concept of development is the scientific conclution the Party has reached by viewing the world and analyzing China's development with Marxist world outlook and methodology, and it is also a continuation and development of Marxist humanism, which contains rich connotations in the new period of time, and has become a long-term principle for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Scientific development
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