Effects of Extracts from Forsythia suspense Leaves on Modulating Blood Lipids and Protecting Liver of Hyperlipidemic Mice
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To study the effects of FSE(extracts from Forsythia suspense leaves)on hyperlipidemic mice,sixty healthy ICR mice were used as copy animal model of hyperlipidemia.Blood lipids,TC and lipid peroxide in liver were measured.The results showed that FSE could reduce the level of serum TC,TG,LDL-C and raise serum HDL-C level.Moreover,FSE also could reduce TC,MDA level and raise SOD activity in liver.FSE could modulate blood lipids and protect the liver of hyperlipidemic mice.Keywords:
Hyperlipidemia
Forsythia
Lipid peroxide
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A mouse model in which diabetes mellitus was induced by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection combined with a high-fat diet was used to study the effect of two water cress (Lepidium savitum) preparations. Diabetic mice were treated with dried cress powder or with water-soluble extracts (tested at two doses), together with proper control groups. The mice were evaluated after 4 weeks of continuous intervention for type 2 diabetic and associated markers. We determined blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), serum insulin levels, and DNA integrity of hepatic cells. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) and the activities of four enzymes that are part of the antioxidant defense system were determined in liver samples, as well as gene expression (by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and enzyme activity of IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K, AKT-2, and GLUT4.After 4 weeks of intervention, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.5) decreased and HDL cholesterol was significantly increased. Enzyme activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were significantly increased, whereas MDA and LPO concentrations were significantly reduced. The transcription level of the five genes assessed was increased, with corresponding increases in protein expression.Oral uptake of garden cress can significantly reduce the blood glucose and improve the blood lipid metabolism of diabetic mice. Considerable improvements in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes were observed in type 2 diabetic mice that improved the body's antioxidant emergency response. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Malondialdehyde
Blood sugar
High-density lipoprotein
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Hyperlipidemia
Malondialdehyde
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Objective: To research the effect of Ganoderma Triterpene on inhibiting the oxidative stress of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group(NG),the model group(MG),the Ganoderma Triterpene groups of low,middle and high doses(GT-LG,GT-MG and GT-HG) and the Simvastatin group(SV).The rats were fed with high fat diet to prepare the model of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats. After administration for 12 weeks, rats in each group were determined with the following indexes: total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in serum as well as the contents of SOD,MDA,GSH-Px and T-AOC in hepatic tissues. Histopathological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under light glass. Results: Compared with the model group,both the GT-M group and the GT-H group showed obvious decreases in TC,TG and LDL-C(P0.05 or P0.01), while the GT-H group showed distinct increase in HDL-C(P0.05). Both GT-M group and the GT-H group showed clear decreases in MDA(P0.05 or P0.01) and evident increases in SOD,GSH-Px,T-AOC(P0.05 or P0.01). It may be related to the expressions of NOX2 proteins down-regulated by GTHG(P 0.05).The GT-M group and the GT-H group proved strikingly lighter in fatty degeneration of hepatic cells. Conclusion: Ganoderma Triterpene can remarkablely reduce the blood fat level of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats and efficaciously inhibit oxidative stress,showing some effects on preventing and treating hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats.
High-density lipoprotein
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Objective To study the regulation of serum lipid level by a Chinese medicine,SHANZHAJIANGZHI decoction,and its protective effect on vascular endothelial cells,as well the influence on liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods To establish a rat model of hyperlipidemia by feeding high-lipid diet.SHANZHAJIANGZHI decoction(SZJZD) and Xuezhikang were intragastically given to the rats for 35 days.The levels of ALT,AST,TCHO,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,and the contents of ET-1 and NO in the rat blood were measured.The general condition of rats was observed and morphological changes of the liver and kidney were examined by histopathology.Resluts SZJZD significantly reduced TCHO,TC,LDL-C,TCHO and ET-1 while increased HDL-C and NO(P0.05,P0.01),and the effects were in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion SZJZD can effectively regulate the serum lipid level,prevent hyperlipidemia,and show a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells.
Hyperlipidemia
Decoction
Lipid Profile
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Aqueous extract
Phytotherapy
Lipid Profile
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To explore the effect of magnesium gluconate (MgG) on lipid metabolism and its regulation mechanism through animal experiments, and to provide basis for MgG dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia. The first four weeks was hyperlipidemia-inducing period through high-fat diet and the following eight weeks was the MgG supplementation. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid profile, antioxidative indexes, pathological examination, and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression. Oral administration of MgG notably decreased the blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and liver function index ALT and AST of hyperlipidemic rats. The rats supplemented with magnesium showed a huge increase in the GSH-Px and SOD activities, and reduced the heart weight and liver lipid accumulation of high-fat diet fed rats. MgG remarkably up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibited an increase in lipid profile and liver function index by a high-fat diet, and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Magnesium has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the liver against hyperlipidemia.
Hyperlipidemia
Liver function
Lipid Profile
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To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of gynosaponins (GPs) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by high lipid diet.Animal model of hyperlipidemia was established by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, except the normal and model groups, rats in GPs groups were daily administered intragastrically with GPs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and rats in simvastatin group were daily administered intragastrically with simvastatin (10 mg/kg). It was measured that the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum, TG and TC in the liver during this experiment, respectively. The left lobe of liver was observed by histopathological staining, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the effects on the effect of GPs on liver functions.Compared with the model group, GPs groups could remarkably decrease the content of lipids, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and MDA in the serum and TC and TG in the liver of the hyperlipidemic rats. The pathomorphological results of hepatic tissue showed that fatty degeneration and inflammatory reaction of GPs groups were lightened compared with the model group.The results show that GPs has good effects on the treatment of hyperlipidemia induced by high lipid diet in rats. The possible anti-hyperlipidemia mechanism maybe those GPs can regulate the disorder of lipid metabolism as well as ameliorate hepatic function.
Hyperlipidemia
Malondialdehyde
Lipidology
High-density lipoprotein
High cholesterol
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Scope (‐)‐Epicatechin (EC) is a natural flavanol monomer found in cocoa, green tea, and a variety of other plant foods. In this study, effects of EC on blood lipids and hepatic steatosis, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Methods and results A hyperlipidemic rat model was induced by high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet. EC was then administrated to the animals by gavage at doses of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 12 weeks. Simvastatin was included as a positive control. The results showed that EC significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride, alleviated liver fat accumulation, while increased HDL cholesterol, in hyperlipidemic rats. EC also reduced lipid peroxidation, inhibited the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and lowered serum AST and ALT. The potential molecular mechanisms of EC underlying these effects were proposed to be associated to regulating Insig‐1‐SREBP‐SCAP pathway, and other lipid metabolic related genes including LXR‐α, FAS, and SIRT1. Conclusion EC effectively improved blood lipid profile and protected liver from accumulating excessive fat in hyperlipidemic rats. The results shed a light on the potential role of EC as a promising natural product in preventing hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Steatosis
Hyperlipidemia
High cholesterol
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The present study investigated the hypolipidemic properties of melanin fromLachnum YM226 (LM) in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice.
Hepatic lipase
Malondialdehyde
High-density lipoprotein
Blood urea nitrogen
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This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of plantago psyllium seeds added to diet in two different doses (0.5% and 1.0% w\w) on strepotozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and/or hyperlipidemic rats. Eighty male adult albino rats were used in this study, divided into 10 groups 8 rats each. G (1): served as healthy control, G (2) was diabetic control. G (3) was hyperlipidemic control. G (4) was diabetic fed on high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHC). Gs: (5-6) diabetic rats fed on diet supplemented with plantago psyllium seeds (0.5% &1% w\w).Gs (7-8) hyperlipidemic rats fed on HFHC diet supplemented with plantago psyllium seeds (0.5% & 1% w\w).Gs (9-10) diabetic rats fed on HFHC diet supplemented with psyllium seeds (0.5% & 1% w\w). After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia. Serum and tissue samples were collected to perform the biochemical analysis. Serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function index (HOMA-β) were measured. Moreover, Serum lipids profile including total lipid (TL), phospholipids (PL),total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerols (TAGs),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as LDL-C/ HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TAGs/HDL-C ratios and atherogenic index (AI) were measured. Also, antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring total antioxidants capacity (TAC) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidative stress index (OSI). The results were supported with microscopic examination of pancreatic tissues. The results of this study revealed that administration of plantago psyllium seeds improve glucose homeostasis by decreasing blood glucose, increasing β-cell function, increasing serum insulin level and insulin sensitivity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Also, plantago psyllium seeds ameliorate insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic groups by decreasing insulin level. The result of this study approved that psyllium seeds improve dyslipidemia relevant to HFHC diet and diabetes mainly through decreasing TL, PL, TC, TAGs, LDL-C, VLDL-C and increasing HDL-C. Furthermore, plantago psyllium seeds showed an important cardio protective effect through decreasing AI , TC/HDL-C,TAGs/HDL-C and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratios as a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).The study revealed that plantago psyllium seeds has a significant antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress as indicated in microscopic examination of pancreatic tissue showed amelioration in the appearance of cells .The result showed a significant decrease in serum MDA and OSI and a significant increase in TAC level ,GPx and G6PDactivities .The protective effect of plantago psyllium seeds is due to their antioxidant potential which represented by their rich content of dietary fibers, flavonoids, poly unsaturated fatty acids, and some polyphenols that appears to protect against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Psyllium
Plantago ovata
Malondialdehyde
Lipid Profile
High-density lipoprotein
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