Research on the extraction of polyphenols from chestnut
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The effects of Folin volume, the ration of Folin and 10% Na2CO3, operation time on determining the polyphenols content and the alcohol concentration, extraction time, the ratio of raw materials and solution, temperature and extraction period on extracting the polyphenols from the chestnut were investigated. The best conditions for polyphenol determination were 0.5 mL Folin, 1.5 mL 10% Na2CO3 and operation at 20~25 ℃. The best technical conditions for chestnut polyphenol extraction were obtained through orthogonal experiments as follows: ratio of raw material and solution of 1∶10, temperature at 35 ℃, 50% alcohol and extraction time of 25 min. Under the optimized condition, the extraction amount of polyphenols from chestnut was 2.45%.Cite
According to GB/T8313-2008(determination of total polyphenols in tea),the total polyphenols(TP) content in water chestnut peel was analyzed by spectrophotometry with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and standard of Gallic acid.The method of GB / T8313-2008 was improved and verified in the aspects of wavelength,reagent,stability,linearity and reproducibility,respectively.The regressive equation of standard curve was y=0.012x-0.001(r=0.999 4).The optimal determination conditions could be well calculated according to the absorption at 765 nm by reacting 0.20 mL 1 mol.L-1 Folin-Ciocalteu with 0.15 mL 10% Na2CO3 for 80 min at 25℃.In this method,the TP contents in water chestnut peel and RSD were 4.86% and 1.03%(n=6),respectively.The average recovery was 99.5%(RSD=0.269%,n=6).As a result,the improved method was convenient,fast,accurate and reliable for the determination of TP in water chestnut peel.
Standard curve
Spectrophotometry
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Organic solvent was used to extract larch polyphenols in this paper.4 factors such as temperature,ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid and ultrasonic time,respectively,were made to evaluate extraction effect of polyphenols.On the basis of single factor experiments,the L9(34) orthogonal experiment was applied in the optimization of extraction technology from larch bark and corresponding antioxidant activity of extracts was investigated.The results showed that the optimal technological conditions of larch bark polyphenols were as follows:temperature 55 ℃,ethanol concentration 50%,the ratio of solid to liquid 1:40,ultrasonic time 20 min,in this process the yield of polyphenols extraction was 115.86 mg/g.The polyphenol extraction from larch bark had better eliminating effect on DPPH·,OH· and O2-·.
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The extraction condition of pomegranate polyphenols was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The effects of ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,extraction time and ratio of material to liquid on the polyphenol extraction were researched.The optimum extraction condition was as follows: ratio of pomegranate seed powder to ethanol-water(60%,volume part) 1∶20 at 60 ℃ for 1 h.Under this condition,the content of pomegranate seed polyphenol was 2.431mg/g dry matter.
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The effects of extraction reagent type, concentration, ratio of solid to liquid, extraction time and extraction temperature on extraction of the chestnut shell polyphenol were studied in this experiment, and the oxidation of chestnut shell polyphenol was also studied with DPPH radical system. The results showed that the best extraction condition were solid-liquid ratio1∶23 with 30 % ethanol, shaking for 170 min in the water bath at 70 ℃. The percent of production of chestnut shell polyphenol was 7.9 % and its extraction rate was 63.125 %. The clearance rate of chestnut shell polyphenol was 91.49 % to DPPH solution when the concentration of polyphenol extract was 0.005 mg/mL.
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[Objective]To study the extracted conditions of polyphenol from carambola fruit.[Method] Folin-Denis reformed method was used to determine the contents of polyphenols through single factor and orthogonal experiment.[Result] The influencing order for each factor on the extraction of polyphenol was as follows:extraction temperature material-liquid ratio ethanol concentration extracion time.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenol in carambola fruit were as follows:the extraction solvent of ethanol of 60%,the material-liquid ratio of 1∶2,temperature at 55 ℃ and extracting time for 60 min.The extraction contents of polyphenol was more than 3.9 mg/g.[Conclusion] The method show simple,accurate and high extraction ratio.
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Mulberry fruit was used as experimental materials to extract polyphenol with ethanol solution,and the content of total polyphenol was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method.To optimize the conditions for the extraction of polyphenols from mulberry,the effects of experimental variables,such as concentration of ethanol,ration of mulberry fruit and solvent,extraction time,extraction temperature and pH value have been studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment design.Results showed that the extraction yield of total polyphenol from mulberry fruits was 6 709 μg/g under the conditions of ethanol concentration was 65 %,the ratio of mulberry fruit matter to solvent volume was 1∶15(g/mL),extraction time was 120 min,the temperature was 65 ℃,and pH value was 4.
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The seed of Synespalum dulcificum was untrasonified in the acetone-(NH_4)_2SO_4aqueous two-phase syetem to extract total polyphenils and different conditions for extraction of polyphenols antioxidant activity was investigated.Acetone was chosen as the best extraction solvent for this research.The acetone concentration,amount of the(NH_4)_2SO_4,the ultrasonic time,extraction temperature,ratio of water to solid were discussed by the single factor experiment.The optimal extraction conditions were found to be:the concentration of acetone solution 50%,ultrasonic time 100 min and extraction temperature 60 ℃,ratio of water to solid 20∶1(V ∶m).The maximum extraction yield of total polyphenils was 11.54% in the optimum conditions.Under the optimum conditions,through duplicated experiment the yield of polyphenols was 11.56%,it indicated that the extraction rate of polyphenols was extremely stable.The purity of polyphenols extracted with this system is 87.85%,superior to only use ultrasonic,preliminary purification can be realized.The results of the experiment on different conditions for extraction of polyphenols antioxidant activity showed that it has strong ability of removing DPPH free radical and reducing power and to the polyphenol content.The maximum DPPH scavenging rate by polyphenols was up to 62%,higher then that by ascorbic acid.
Aqueous two-phase system
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The best extraction method and process of flavonoids from water chestnut were investigated using ethanol extraction and microwave extraction respectively. Antioxidant activity, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of extract were tested with DPPH, HPLC and spectrophotometry. The optimum conditions of two methods were obtained by orthogonal test respectively. Ethanol concentration, stuff -liquid ratio, power of extraction, and time of extraction were acted as several influential factors of orthogonal test, then the flavonoids extraction rate as an indicator. The extraction rate of ethanol extraction and microwave extraction were 2.25% and 3.43%, with IC50 values of 4.60 μg/mL and 4.34 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with ethanol extraction, microwave extraction had some advantages include high efficiency and short time. The maximum yield of flavonoids with microwave extraction was obtained by dual extraction with 60% ethanol, 1/40 stuff-liquid ratio, 400 W power, and 2 minutes. In these conditions, the antioxidant activity of the extract was similar to Vc.
Water extraction
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Fruit juice
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The extraction of polyphenol was studied by pomegranate leaves as raw material.The optimal extraction conditions of polyphenol were determined by single-factor and the orthogonal experience with microwave-assisted.The optimal conditions were determined as follows: ethanol concentration 70%,the microwave power300 W,microwave extraction time 35 s and solid-to-liquid ratio 1∶5(g∶mL).The effect of extraction was obvious under microwave,and the ratio of polyphenol content was 0.078 mg/g.
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