Seismic Modeling Method for Shallow Seismic Exploration of Buried Active Fault
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The shallow high-resolution seismic prospecting is one of the effective and reliable methods in urban active fault detection.For the shallowness of the object stratum,the tiny difference between the seismic attribute of strata and the ambient noise,it is hard to process and interpret seismic data.In this paper,the staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equations,which are expressed with velocity and stress applying the flux-corrected transport(FCT) method with a perfectly matched layer(PML) Absorbing boundary condition,are used to obtain the synthetic common-shot profile for shallow fault model.The simulated results of fault model show that this method is accurate and distinct.This seismic modeling method is helpful for approximately estimating the location,the depth and the scope of the fault from the synthetic profile during survey,and improving the efficiency of seismic prospecting and the precision and resolution of seismic data processing and interpretation.Keywords:
Stratum
Synthetic seismogram
Prospecting
Seismic to simulation
Geophysical Imaging
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After the seismic reflect waves have been collected with the shallow layer seismic instrument,the normal regulations seismic handling software is adopted to handle seismic section with method of separating wave field.Therefore,with the help of composite longitudinal and transverse wave prospecting method,the active fault investigation in the cities can be conducted.
Prospecting
Geophysical prospecting
Synthetic seismogram
Vertical seismic profile
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Application of the three-component shallow seismic reflection method to probing buried active faults
The multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration method has been widely used in oil and gas field exploration and development.While this method has not been applied to engineering surveys and active fault investigations.This paper introduces briefly the data acquisition and processing methods applied to the three-component shallow seismic reflection test as well as some primary results on the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing.The results show that using the shallow seismic data-acquisition technology with P-wave or S-wave vibroseis and three-component geophone,the shallow seismic P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave stacked section with high signal-noise ratio could be obtained.Especially the converted-wave and shear wave from horizontal components can reveal meaningful underground structure and tectonic information.Integrated geological interpretations of P-wave,S-wave and converted-wave staked sections yield stratification and fault structure which are consistent with the composite cross section from borehole data.
Seismic vibrator
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Reflection
Seismic refraction
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Research Article| November 01, 2010 Shallow subsurface structure of the Wasatch fault, Provo segment, Utah, from integrated compressional and shear-wave seismic reflection profiles with implications for fault structure and development John H. McBride; John H. McBride † 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 24606, Provo, Utah 84602, USA †E-mail: john_mcbride@byu.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar William J. Stephenson; William J. Stephenson 2U. S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 966, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Robert A. Williams; Robert A. Williams 2U. S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 966, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jack K. Odum; Jack K. Odum 2U. S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 966, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David M. Worley; David M. Worley 2U. S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 966, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar John V. South; John V. South § 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 24606, Provo, Utah 84602, USA §Current address: Fronterra Geosciences, 700 17th Street, Suite 900, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. Riley Brinkerhoff; A. Riley Brinkerhoff # 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 24606, Provo, Utah 84602, USA #Current address: Questar Market Resources, 180 East 100 South, Salt Lake City, Utah 84145, USA. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. William Keach, II; R. William Keach, II 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 24606, Provo, Utah 84602, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Anita O. Okojie-Ayoro Anita O. Okojie-Ayoro ** 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, P.O. Box 24606, Provo, Utah 84602, USA **Current address: WesternGeco, Houston Data Processing, 10001 Richmond Avenue, Houston, Texas 77042, USA. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2010) 122 (11-12): 1800–1814. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30174.1 Article history received: 16 Sep 2009 accepted: 02 Oct 2009 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation John H. McBride, William J. Stephenson, Robert A. Williams, Jack K. Odum, David M. Worley, John V. South, A. Riley Brinkerhoff, R. William Keach, Anita O. Okojie-Ayoro; Shallow subsurface structure of the Wasatch fault, Provo segment, Utah, from integrated compressional and shear-wave seismic reflection profiles with implications for fault structure and development. GSA Bulletin 2010;; 122 (11-12): 1800–1814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30174.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Integrated vibroseis compressional and experimental hammer-source, shear-wave, seismic reflection profiles across the Provo segment of the Wasatch fault zone in Utah reveal near-surface and shallow bedrock structures caused by geologically recent deformation. Combining information from the seismic surveys, geologic mapping, terrain analysis, and previous seismic first-arrival modeling provides a well-constrained cross section of the upper ∼500 m of the subsurface. Faults are mapped from the surface, through shallow, poorly consolidated deltaic sediments, and cutting through a rigid bedrock surface. The new seismic data are used to test hypotheses on changing fault orientation with depth, the number of subsidiary faults within the fault zone and the width of the fault zone, and the utility of integrating separate elastic methods to provide information on a complex structural zone. Although previous surface mapping has indicated only a few faults, the seismic section shows a wider and more complex deformation zone with both synthetic and antithetic normal faults. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of a combined shallow and deeper penetrating geophysical survey, integrated with detailed geologic mapping to constrain subsurface fault structure. Due to the complexity of the fault zone, accurate seismic velocity information is essential and was obtained from a first-break tomography model. The new constraints on fault geometry can be used to refine estimates of vertical versus lateral tectonic movements and to improve seismic hazard assessment along the Wasatch fault through an urban area. We suggest that earthquake-hazard assessments made without seismic reflection imaging may be biased by the previous mapping of too few faults. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Seismic refraction
Layering
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The seismic method is an important exploration method for detecting active faults buried directly beneath major cities.Different array lengths must be adopted for different detecting depths.Test results show that small group interval receiving can help to determine accurately the space position of faults,determine the buried depth of the upper terminal points of active faults,and contribute to improving comprehensively vertical and horizontal resolution of seismic records.This paper discusses some problems concerning the detection of city active faults by using shallow seismic reflection on the basis of the results of shallow seismic reflection processing for Xiadian active fault in Beijing.
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The wave equation finite-difference method is used to the synthetic seismic records in the seismic prospecting of shallow high resolution in urban active fault detection.For improving the resolution and prospecting efficiency of the seismic modeling,some suitable finite-difference method,source wavelet,boundery conditions and dispersion elimination method are adopted.The result shows that the seismic modeling can be used to analyse the influence of the stratigraphic thickness and the obliquity,depth and scale of fault on the seismic synthetic common-shot profiles.From comparision this common-shot profiles with the real experimental data,we can approximately determine the location,scale and depth of fault in field work.The method can improve the prospecting efficiency and resolution rate in the shallow seismic prospecting in urban active fault detection.
Prospecting
Geophysical Imaging
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Shallow seismic reflection method is a commonly used technique in urban active fault detection,however,special geotectonic environment may sometimes make reflection survey inapplicable.In such cases,high-resolution seismic refraction could be a feasible option.In this study,we use the finite difference method as the main technique and the conventional methods of refraction data interpretation as auxiliary means in the interpretation of high-resolution shallow refraction data for active fault detection in Lanzhou area.After a comprehensive analysis of first-break refraction travel-time characteristics,the velocity structure and interface structure along each profile have been obtained.A detailed description of the detection results from SS04-1 and SS11-2 seismic profiles is presented in this paper.The main stratigraphic interfaces and tectonic features identified by the two profiles are quite consistent with the results from drilling surveys along the profiles.Our results indicate that high-resolution seismic refraction is an effective replacement in areas where reflection seismic survey is hard to carry out.
Seismic refraction
Reflection
Seismic survey
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Poor quality of seismic data in the shallow gas cloud environment seems like a real
challenge for seismic processing and imaging. Amplitude loss and sagging effect in
the subsurface underneath the shallow gas cloud area are difficult to be handled
during processing without understanding the factor that caused the real effect. Seismic
forward modeling is capable to conduct a defined acquisition with different sourcereceiver
geometry in a survey area using geophysical software instead of real
acquisition with a fully crewed seismic vessel. The project will focus on the effect
created by the shallow gas cloud in 2D seismic forward modeling based on real
seismic and well log data taken from the study area in Malay Basin offshore.
Synthetic seismic is generated by 2D acoustic modeling with the input of P-wave
velocity, formation density and Q-value. The result of post-stack time migrated
synthetic seismic is later on be compared with real seismic data at the similar study
area in order to justify the anomalies present underneath shallow gas. It is justified the
amplitude loss underneath the gas cloud area is influenced by the lowest Q-value of
shallow gas model which has caused greater attenuation effect of seismic wave when
passing through the shallow gas cloud area. Thus, detail seismic processing workflow
including Q-compensation is necessary and is suggested for future works in order to
compensate this effect.
Seismic to simulation
Geophysical Imaging
Synthetic seismogram
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Reflection
Reflection coefficient
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Based on geological conditions of Huainan coalfield,including distribution of coal strata and lithologic features,production and testing of seismic geology model of coal measure strata in Huainan are completed.Seismic data acquisition and processing provide clearly the seismic reflection characteristics of the physical model.We designed seismic numerical simulation model of the coal measure strata in Huainan by seismic numerical simulation technology,and analyzed the variation features of seismic responses.The results show that the simulation production of low speed coal seam and fractured zone are key of the seismic physical modeling techniques,at the same time,seismic physical model guides coal seismic exploration,helps to understand characteristics of seismic wave field.Seismic detection can detect cavern,different caverns can cause significantly difference of diffracted wave and seisnic seismic reflection wave field.As the seismic physical modelling experiments at home and abroad are mainly used for oil and gas exploration and development,this technique in the coal fields is rarely used to solve practical problems,therefore,the results of this research is important.
Seismic to simulation
Lithology
Reflection
Synthetic seismogram
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