Study on Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration Measure System of Houjia Coal Mine in Shanxi Province
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In view of such problems as surface disturbance, remolding geomorphology, and soil and water loss in the development process of in HouJia coal mine in Shanxi Province, and in consideration of climate conditions in project area and ecological restoration in the construction and production stages, the prevention and control regions of soil and water erosion are divided into five regions including the prevention and control region of industry area, off-road control area, discharging the gangue field control area, outside of the transmission line control area, goaf subsidence affected zone due to first coal mining based on the investigation information. According to the characteristics of soil and water erosion in the different prevention and control regions and the differences of the growth site conditions of different vegetation, the corresponding soil and water conservation engineering measures and ecological vegetation measures are proposed. The implementation and construction of these measures may be of great importance in strengthening soil and water conservation in mining area, prevention of destroy of ecological environment, harmonious development between human and the nature, as well as the sustainable development of the production and construction of Houjia Coal MineKeywords:
Restoration Ecology
Ecological engineering
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The paper has the primary research on the reasons for the soil and water loss along the road construction between Dangjinshan-Qarhan section,the forms and the prevention strategies,analyzes the water and soil conservation measures of the major project,and allocates the system of the water and soil conservation measures,so as to have the direction significance for the water and soil conservation in the road construction in the next ecological fragile region.
Section (typography)
Road Construction
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Restoration Ecology
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Soil and water conservation monitoring include measurement,analysis and assessment of the happening and development and environmental influence of soil erosion and its control effects assessment and its effect.Monitoring,an important part of the soil and water conservation technology system,were the basis of soil and water conservation work.In recent years,Tieling City has made a lot of great efforts and progress in soil erosion,however,with the high-speed development of economy,development and construction projects disturbed the land widely in contrast with the sporadic control,causing some new soil erosion and a trend of diversification and complication.The situation of soil erosion is still not optimistic which has become a constraint factor of socio-economic development.This article focuses on soil and water conservation planning and layout in Tieling area,discussed a number of issues in soil and water conservation monitoring planning and construction process,and put forward relevant proposals for development.
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With the rapid economic development of Guangdong Province and the increase and promotion of various development and construction(DC) projects,soil erosion has become one of the worst environmental problems.Soil erosion should be controlled on time,otherwise it will cause enormous impact on people’s living,production and ecological environment.According to Guangdong Province natural factors which include geographical location,climate,vegetation,soil erosion and others,combined with the different properties of DC projects and the discrepancy of different parts’ protective measures,and with the guideline to give priority to those species which can easily grow in this area and reflect the biological diversity and landscape layout,this paper systematically introduces the species selection and application for the vegetation measures of the soil and water conversation which are suitable for Guangdong DC projects’ soil erosion control.
Erosion Control
Water erosion
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According to the situation of Shanxi's soil and water loss,this paper analyzes on the problems of the latent capacity,technical measures and environmental effect of the water and soil conservation and ecological restoration,and draws conclusion from the analysis and comparison of river basin's improvement effects that the ecological environment of the hilly areas of the loess plateau in northwestern Shanxi has been damaged seriously,but the vegetation is still exists,adopting the proper protective measures can probably recover the local plant communities relying on the natural forces.And in order to achieve the goal of improvement and ecological restoration,the percentage of the vegetation coverage must be recovered up to 40% or more.
Restoration Ecology
Loess plateau
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Based on analysing the changeable conditions of water and soil loss,it is proved that the frequent flood of watershed is mainly due to water and soil loss.Some ecological environment countermeasures of Xin River water and soil conservation are presented,such as the following suggestions:to publicize strongly importance of protecting ecological environment;to improve ecological environment;to cultivate vegetation resources and to conserve water and soil.Some plans are made that watershed flood control engineering system is finished and rebuild beautiful environment in three or five years.
Flood control
Constructive
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Being the sources of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lanchang River, Qinghai province is featured with severe water, wind and frozen erosion, which often happen in complex patterns. There are totally 334 thousand km 2 of soil and water loss area with annual soil erosion of 114 950 thousand tons, and with soil erosion modulus of 1 000 to 8 000 t/km 2. In order to effectively prevent soil and water loss, the corresponding treatments and methods for accelerating ecological environmental construction are to take soil and water conservation as the main project of ecological environmental construction, to insist on the successful way of comprehensive management, to persist the simultaneous development of ecological benefit with economic benefit, and so on.
Yangtze river
Water erosion
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The soil and water conservation in China is always emphatically implemented in rural and mountainous areas;however,it is often neglected in urban areas.In the light of the status,taking the soil and water conservation in Chuxiong City of Yunnan Province as an example,we analyze the characteristics and harmfulness of soil-water loss,describe the significance of soil and water conservation,and summarize its structural and non-structural measures in the city.It is indicated that the conservation is not simply the control of soil-water loss,but should be combined with urban construction planning,water resources utilization,flood control and waterlogging drainage,urban afforestation,sightseeing,recreation and so on to promote the development of urban society and economy and improvement of people′s living standard.
Waterlogging (archaeology)
Flood control
Afforestation
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The loss of soil and water is a main factor to lead to ecological environment worsened and a main feature of ecological environment worsening also. The sandy, desert and stone of land is an evil consequence of soil erosion to destroy soil and land resource. The soil itself is a huge reservoir, it is lost largely, its water content and total storage is reduced afterwards, that causes agricultural drought or flood disaster. The soil and water conservation is a main project of ecological system construction. During the development of western areas, we should implement Law of Soil and Water Conservation and laws regulations related to ecological environment construction strictly to ensure ecological safety of development.
Soil functions
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On the basis of investigation in the middle and lower reaches of Midanjiang Basin, current status and characteristics of soil and water loss were deeply analyzed. In terms of soil and water conservation and ecological construction, prevention and supervision, ecological monitoring and technical support were discussed. Combining the cultivation measure, forest and grass and project measure, construction scope of soil and water conservation and ecological project were put forward. Ecological, economic and social benefits were analyzed in detail, showing the benefits was obvious and the project was feasible in economy.
Scope (computer science)
Social benefits
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