An Analysis of Mei Yi-qi’s Idea of "Professorial Governance"
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Mei Yi-qi was one of the important educators in the history of mordern higher education in China. During his 18-year term as President of Tinghua University, he carried out the policy of professorial governance,which called on the professors to take part in university construction and management. This institution was favorable for the development of university. The essence of professorial governance is the mode of democratic management,which highlighted academic freedom and brought the initiative of the professors into full play. A deep understanding of professorial governance will contribute to the reform in higher education.Keywords:
Academic Freedom
Institution
Democratic governance
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Mr.Feng Youlan had spent over 70 years on university campuses in his lifetime.To some extent,we can say that university campuses had become Mr.Feng's life stage where he studied,worked and lived.Therefore,Mr.Feng had had an in-depth and insightful understanding of the spirit and essence of a university.The ideas of research for academic purposes,rule by professors,academic freedom,among others,proposed by him not only inherited and extended Mr.Cai Yuanpei's educational ideologies,but also are of significant value of reference and enlightenment to the building and development of universities in China in the present age.
Academic Freedom
Value (mathematics)
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Zhang Boling,whose university management thought was fully embodied in his early practice of Nankai University,was a patriotic educator in modern times of our nation.The concept of private while nonprivateowned was the foundation which formed and deepened his thought of university management.The main features of his thought were democratic governance of school,openness in school administrative affairs,management of school by master,respect for teacher,consciousness of selfgovernment and allround development.
Zhàng
Openness to experience
Foundation (evidence)
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Professor governing university,as an idea of a university,is that all professors should be the main governor and leader of a university.The idea came from the western universities,and is prevalent among universities in the United States and Europe.It was once effectively implemented in the history of China,which was proved to be an important idea in practice.However,for a long time,there have been many disagreements on Chinese modern universities how to practice the west idea of professor governing university,including three typical perspectives,such as,the idea of copying and using,the ideal of no using,the idea of reforming and using.In this regard,it is necessary to analyze and understand it in ecological,realistic and historical way before practicing the idea.
Copying
Governor
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So far,there are 8 Chinese scholars won the Nobel prize,and 3 of them graduated from Tsinghua University which was headed by President MEI Yi-qi.It was inseparable with his persistent practice of general education and spirit of dedication as an educator.He advocated illustrate illustrious virtue,to renovate the people,and to develop the whole personality;he insisted that general knowledge is more important than special knowledge and paid great attention to general education;he initiated mastery of all disciplines to develop a broad knowledge;he raised the concept of master and following and edifying to emphasize teacher's special function.These unique general education ideas run through his administration policy,teachers construction,subject development,curriculum,all aspects of campus culture and promoted the training of the innovative talents,and provided a useful reference for today's college education transformation.As the common spiritual wealth of Cross-Straits Ttsinghua universities,MEI Yi-qi's idea and experience of general educational are worthy of being treasured.
General education
General knowledge
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Before the liberation,Republic of China embodied the spirit of the university mainly in two areas: one is university autonomy and the other paying great attention to the influence of master.The free flowing of professors and the hybrid of teacher structure were the common feature of the Republic of China.Paying attention to the master and the free flowing of professors were one of the most fundamental prerequisites in achieving the spirit of the University in the Republic of China.The spirit of the University may occur when the university keeps on the university autonomy and teachers hold on academic value.
Value (mathematics)
The Republic
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HU Shu-hua is an outstanding educator in the history of Chinese higher education.Based on his rich governance practice,HU Shu-hua's thought of university education incorporates the strong points of the western modern education and Chinese traditional education and it is characteristic of: first,attaching great importance to university culture construction to foster the distinct university spirit;second,paying great attention to ethic education to cultivate the all-round developed student;and third,laying stress on academic study to promote academic standard;fourth,laying emphasis on serving society to promote the localization of university;fifth,emphasizing the construction of teaching faculty and conditions to improve the quality of higher education.HU Shu-hua has made great contribution to the development of Chinese higher education,especially the development of the key universities such as Hunan,Tongji,Chongqin,and Northwest University.It's necessary for us to study his valuable educational thoughts and practice.
Chinese education
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Ethos is based on the study,moral and character of the university which have a long history of the university development.It embodies the educational function of metophor,moistening,influencing.All of the university desciplines,songs,history and emblem are stationalized after the forming of university ethos and also an initial state in the process of ethos forming.Academic freedom is both the life of university and the charateristic of university.Without the academic freedom,the university exists without spirit.The idea of education as an industry and education as a front which is contrary to the educational life and the spirit of university ethos should be abandoned.
Ethos
Academic Freedom
Emblem
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President Mei Yi-qi was supported by students wholeheartedly when he was in Tsing-Hua.His attitude towards students and student management ideology are embodied in the love for students,the care about their study and behaviors,and the advocating of students' self-government.His ideas cast some light on college student management in today's China,relating to relaxed and free circumstance,close teacher-student relationship and democratic management.By reviewing Mei's ideas,more references are obtained as well as enlightenment.
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Mei Yiqi's concept of university education lies in the following aspects: (1) He stresses the freedom of making academic research. (2) He advocates the overall ability education. (3) He proposes the theory of brain -draw . (4) He sets the system of professor - governing the university.
Academic Freedom
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Kuang Yaming, a famous educationist, had a very significant positive role in the development of Nanjing University and of China's higher education indeed. Being mindful of the overall situation of higher education in China, he initiated a proposition to set up strategically some leading universities. He valued high expertise and professional personnel, and always relied on staff and faculty. He treasured study style and school spirit. These provide an essential ideological backup to the construction of first-class universities and to the modernization of higher education. He ran the university in an industrious and economical way, yet, at the same time, he tried his best to improve the working condition in the university. He was all for international academic exchanges and cooperation, considering a university as a place where Chinese culture is studied and disseminated.
Proposition
World class
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