Effects of flavonoids from Radix Flemingia Philippinersis of on blood lipid metabolism,nitric oxide and nitric-oxide synthase in experimental hyperlipidemia rats
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Objective To observe the effect of flavonoids from Radix Flemingia Philippinersis on blood lipid metabolism,nitric oxide(NO)and nitric-oxide synthase in experimental hyperlipidemia rats.Methods The content of TC、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c and NO and activities of NOS in serum were measured respectively.Results The content of TC,TG,LDL-c in serum were decreased significantly in the flavonoids from Radix Flemingia Philippinensis group compared with high lipid control group.In the comparison with high lipid control group,activities of serum NOS increased in the hyperlipidemia rats.Conclusion Flavonoids from Radix Flemingia Philippinersis can regulate blood lipid in hyperlipidemia rats.Keywords:
Hyperlipidemia
Radix (gastropod)
Lipid Profile
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2018,14,55s,s184-s191.DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_451_17Published:June 2018Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Mohammed Ali Ahmed Saeed, Yow-Meng Kuong, Kisantini Murugesu, Subramani Parasuraman, Mohd. Zaini Asmawi, and Amirin Sadikun Author(s) affiliations:Vikneswaran Murugaiyah1, Mohammed Ali Ahmed Saeed2, Yow-Meng Kuong2, Kisantini Murugesu2, Subramani Parasuraman3, Mohd. Zaini Asmawi1, Amirin Sadikun2 1 Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia 2 Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling 08100 Kedah, Malaysia Abstract:Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate lipid-lowering effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Gynura procumbens in chemical- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Materials and Methods: The lipid-lowering effect of hydroalcoholic extracts was investigated in poloxamer-407 (P-407)-induced acute hyperlipidemic rat model. The most active extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) using phenolic acids as marker compounds and evaluated in HFD-induced chronic hyperlipidemic rats. Results: The evaluation on hydroalcoholic extracts of G. procumbens showed that 95% ethanolic extract (95EEGP) was the most potent extract that significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC, P < 0.05) and triglycerides (TG, P < 0.001) levels. The 95EEGP contained 7.18, 3.20, 28.31, and 9.72 mg/g dried extract of chlorogenic acid (CA), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4DC), 3,5DC, and 4,5DC, respectively. The extract at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced serum TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and atherogenic index (A. I.) levels of the P-407-induced hyperlipidemic rats, in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01 or better) but had no effect on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). On HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats, the 95EEGP at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and A. I. levels (P < 0.05 or better) while increased serum HDL-C (P < 0.001). The effect was dose-dependent showing comparable effect to that of atorvastatin at moderate and high doses. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the lipid-lowering potential of the 95EEGP of G. procumbens in chemical- and HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rat models. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate its mechanism of its lipid-lowering action. Keywords:Chlorogenic acid, di-caffeoylquinic acid, Gynura procumbens, high-fat diet, lipid-lowering, poloxamer-407View:PDF (1.43 MB)
Hyperlipidemia
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The HWND_G02 (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino) and HWND_G03 (Cinnamonum cassia Blume, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus pinnatifida, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Cnidium officinale Makino, Allium macrostemon Bunge) are new natural mixture composed with several oriental herbs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of HWND extracts on high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, HCD, atorvastatin (5 ㎎/㎏, po), ethanolic extracts of HWND_G02 (1,000 ㎎/㎏, po) and HWND_G03 (1,000 ㎎/㎏, po) were administered to the HCD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for 4 weeks to evaluate their anti-hyperlipidemic activities. HWND extracts markedly decreased body and liver wight gain, and recovered serum lipid levels, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the HCDinduced hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, the lipid levels (TC and TG) and the lipid accumulation were significantly lowered in the liver tissue of HWND-administrated rats. After a HCD, each group had a lower atherogenic index (AI) compared to the HCD group. In conclusion, these data suggest that HWND extracts could be the candidate for the material to prevent hyperlipidemia.
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Hyperlipidemia
Polygonum
High-density lipoprotein
Coptis chinensis
Salvia
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Cyclocarya paliurus has been used commonly to treat diabetes in China. However, the effective components and the effect of plant origin remain unclear. In this study, C. paliurus leaves with different chemical compositions were selected from five geographical locations, and their effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated with both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Glucose levels, lipid levels, and biomarkers of liver and kidney function were measured. Results showed that C. paliurus extracts with better antihyperglycemic effects were characterized by higher contents of total flavonoids, especially quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, significantly negative correlations were found between triterpenoids contents and lipid levels. The anti-hyperlidemic effect of flavone-rich B. chinensis leaf extract (HTP) in ICR mice fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with HTP significantly decreased peri-epididymal fat weight (p< 0.01 and p< 0.05 for 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), lowered serum and hepatic lipid, and decreased glucose area under curve (AUC) in oral glucose tolerance test (p< 0.01 for 200 mg/kg). Western blot and ELISA analysis showed that administration of HTP (200 mg/kg) significantly increased AMPK (p< 0.05) phosphorylation and PPARα expression in liver (p< 0.05).
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Lovastatin
Hyperlipidemia
Fenofibrate
Malondialdehyde
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This study examined the effect of Paeoniae Radix (PR) on endothelial function and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of erythrocytes in rats administered a high-fat diet. Administration of the extract of PR increased the endothelium-dependent relaxation and the activities of SOD compared with high the cholesterol diet group significantly. Hypercholesterolaemia induced an increase of endothelial superoxide anion and endothelial dysfunction. Paeoniae Radix is suggested to have a protective effect on endothelial cells and their function.
Paeonia lactiflora
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Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal- acupuncture with Achyranthis Radix(AR-HA) at GB34(Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia in rats. The author performed several experimental items to analyze the levels of various components and enzymes in serum and liver, as well as the histological changes of liver and aorta. Results : 1. Achyranthis Radix herbal acupuncture solution increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition rate in rat liver cells. 2. AR-HA at GB34 decreased the level of serum total cholesterol, and increased the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol, phospholipid to total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rat. 3. AR-HA at GB34 decreased the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in hyperlipidemic rat. 4. AR-HA at GB34 increased the hepatic GSH level in hyperlipidemic rat. Conclusion : From the above results, it is suggested that AR-HA at GB34 has a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.
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Plant-based natural extracts cure several diseases in human. However, the extract of Psidium guajava leaf is not yet evaluated on changes of lipid profile in hepatic disease affected rats.The present study was aimed to evaluate the mitigation effect of the ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaf and its isolated quercetin fraction on hepatotoxic rats.Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected to rats for hepatic disease induction and silymarin drug was used as positive control to compare plant ethanolic extract. The lipid profiles were assessed in both plasma and liver tissue of diseased and control rats.Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was decreased in CCl4-induced hepatotoxic rats. The treatment of P. guajava (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, bw) and isolated quercetin fraction (20 mg/kg, bw) doses decreased the elevated levels of all these parameters in diseased rats and restored the normal concentration of HDL-C.The results of the present study concluded that the P. guajava leaf and its isolated quercetin fraction can significantly regulate lipid metabolism in CCl4-induced hepatotoxic rats and decrease the disease rate.Psidium guajava leaf extract reduces the hepatotoxicity and disease rate in ratsQuercetin fraction of leaf extract significantly regulates lipid profile in hepatic diseased rats. Abbreviations used: CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; FFA: Free fatty acids; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LCAT: Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PL: Phospholipids; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; VLDL-C: Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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CCL4
Lipid Profile
High-density lipoprotein
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TBARS
Lipid Profile
Glutathione reductase
High-density lipoprotein
Thiobarbituric acid
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Context: Bacopa monniera L. (Scrophulariaceae) is used as a traditional medicine in India for various ailments such as epilepsy, mental disorders, and also as a cardio-tonic. However, its nephroprotective role is still unknown.Objective: The present study assesses the modulatory impact of the alcoholic (ethanol) extract of Bacopa monniera (AEBM) on renal oxido-lipidemic stress in hypercholesterolemic rats.Materials and methods: B. monniera (1 kg) was extracted with 90% ethanol, filtered, and dried (52 g). Group-I rats as control, Group-II rats fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 45 d [4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid], Group-III rats fed with HCD for 45 d + AEBM (40 mg/kg, body weight) for last 30 d, and Group-IV AEBM alone rats. Blood and kidney were removed to analyze lipid, antioxidant status, and histological analysis.Result: The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipids (PLs), renal functional parameters (urea, creatinine, and uric acid), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were significantly attenuated (p < 0.01) in AEBM-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Activities of both enzymic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR)) and non-enzymic antioxidant (GSH, Vit-C, and Vit-E) were significantly increased (p < 0.01), on supplementation with AEBM. Administration with AEBM the mRNA levels of eNOS and iNOS genes was significantly up-regulated and down-regulated (p < 0.01). Histomorphological observations also evidenced that AEBM effectively protects the kidney from hypercholesterolemia-mediated oxido-lipidemic damage.Discussion and conclusion: From this study, we hypothesized that AEBM can act as renoprotective agent by attenuating the renal oxido-lipidemic stress via regulating NOS level and thereby protects the nephron in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Glutathione reductase
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