Priority of Special Creditor's Rights
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On the basis of the disputes about the nature of the right stipulated in article 286 of Law of the People's Republic of China on Contract, this paper advances the concept of the priority of special creditor's rights, and compares the differences among the priority of special creditor's rights, legal hypothecation and legal right of lien. By observing the civil codes of France and Japan and the relevant stipulations in China, the paper induces the kinds of the priority of special creditor's rights, and studies their respective legal features, effectiveness, the idea and the fundamental principle of enacting the priority of special creditor's rights. This paper then shows clearly the insufficiency of the relevant stipulations of China. In the end, the paper offers proposal about how to improve of the legislation covering the system of the priority of special creditor's rights.Keywords:
Lien
Civil code
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In this paper,the real right,creditor's right,intellectual property right,stock equity in property rights and related laws were studied.The above 4 property rights in sports economic activities were defined and differentiated.The significance of related laws for defining sports property rights and helping develop sports economy were discoursed as well.First,the distinction among property rights and creditor's rights are the basis of diversification of sports property rights,and the obligation law is a wide range of legal protection of diversification of sports property rights.Second,defining delimitation of property rights merely as distributing proportions to ownership or usufruct in property rights is incomplete.Distribution of property rights can be the distribution ratio of rights in the same category,and it can also entitle different main parts of property rights to rights belonging to different categories,such as entitling each of them to real right,creditor's right,intellectual property right and so on.Third,law of obligation provides a method to clarify the distribution of property rights.In economic activities like sports investment and financing,the commercial activities of athletes,contracts can help to define certain rights and benefits in ambiguous property rights.
Tangible property
Reservation of rights
Equity
Numerus clausus
Obligation
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In civil law,Creditor's rights,property rights,knowledge property rights,personal rights are established as the basic rights of the main body of civil, what is the relationship of these basic civil rights. Based on Creditor's rights, the article will compare their relationship.
Reservation of rights
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헌법 제23조 제1항에 의하면 헌법이 보장하는 재산권의 내용과 한계는 국회에서 제정되는 형식적 의미의 법률에 의하여 정해지므로 헌법상의 재산권은 이를 통하여 실현되고 구체화하게 된다. 그렇다 하더라도 입법자가 재산권의 내용을 형성함에 있어서 무제한적인 형성의 자유를 가지는 것은 아니며 어떠한 재산을 사용·수익할 수 있는 사적 유용성과 처분권을 본질로 하는 재산권은 인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 실현하고 인간의 자주적이고 주체적인 삶을 이루어나가기 위한 범위에서 헌법적으로 보장되어 있다. 그러나 재산권의 내용과 한계를 법률로 정한다는 것은 헌법적으로 보장된 재산권의 내용을 구체화하면서 이를 제한하는 것이기 때문에, 헌재 1993. 7. 29. 92헌바 20 등. 기본권 형성적 법률조항인 민사집행법의 법률조항이 헌법에 반한다는 평가를 받는 경우는 거의 없다. 민사집행법의 경우 기본권 자체의 범위와 한계를 정하는 것이라기보다는 그 실현을 절차적으로 제한하거나 하는 정도여서 더더욱 그렇다. 민사집행법은 매각절차에 널리 일반 매수희망자를 참여시켜 가능한 최고의 가격으로 매각하여 채권자, 채무자 모두 손해 보지 않도록 하는 한편, 채무자 측의 절차지연과 집행방해를 막고, 매수인이 매각목적물에 관한 정보를 투명하게 파악하여 뜻밖의 피해를 입지 않도록 함으로써 매수인의 지위불안과 불편을 해소시키면서, 채무자의 생존권도 위협이 되지 않도록 하는 것을 이상으로 한 것으로서, 이해관계인의 법적지위가 경매 등에 의하여 흔들리지 않도록 하는 것도 함께 고려하였고, 이는 이해관계의 충돌과 조정이라는 견지에서 아주 정치하게 잘 설계된 것이고, 대부분의 경우에 잘 운영되고 있다. 그러나 특히 문제되는 것이 채무자 측이 강제집행에 대하여 강하게 저항하는 20% 남짓의 부동산인도, 철거 강제집행 사건이다. 위와 같이 자력구제를 금하는 대신에 생긴 국가구제인 강제집행제도를 두었으므로, 판결은 신속하게 큰비용을 들이지 않고 집행되어야 한다. 판결이 집행되지 않는다면 사법제도는 그 존립의 근거부터 흔들리게 된다. 그런데 채무자 측의 저항으로 바로 강제집행이 되지 않으면, 채권자로서는 우선 강제집행 지연으로 인하여 부동산을 제때에 사용하지 못하는 손해를 피할 수 없고, 여러 차례 강제집행을 시도함에 따라 강제집행 비용이 증가하는 부담도 떠안아야 한다. 채무자 측에 금전적인 보상을 하고 현장을 넘겨받는 경우도 드물지 않은 것 같다. 집행지연 자체도 문제이지만, 국가구제제도인 강제집행제도가 제대로 구현되지 않는 것이 근본적으로는 더 큰 문제이다. 민사집행법은 강제집행의 성격상 채무자의 저항이 당연히 예상되기 때문에 여의치 않으면 경찰의 원조를 받아 그 저항을 배제하고 집행의 목적을 달성하도록 제도를 설계하였지만, 현실에서 위 제도는 민사불개입원칙을 고수하는 경찰의 소극적인 태도 견지에 따라 제대로 작동이 되지 않고 있다. 최근 현안으로 대두되고 있는 부동산인도, 강제철거 현장에서의 물리적 충돌양상은 헌법상 재산권 보호조항 등을 둘러싼 우리 사회의 여러 복합적인 문제를 가장 적나라하고 함축적으로 보여주는 것이다. 강제집행개시 전 상당기간 집행예고를 하는 우리 부동산인도, 철거집행 실무의 태도는 이해관계가 최종적으로 충돌하고 조정되는 국면인 민사집행법 영역에서 나름 가장 합리적이고 지혜로운 방안이다. 문제는 그것으로 해결되지 않는 나머지 20% 가량의 사건인데, 자세히 속을 들여다보면 결국 법률형성의 문제라기보다는 형성된 법률의 집행과정의 문제인 것을 알 수 있다. 경찰의 ‘법원 강제집행 현장 경찰조치 매뉴얼’을 보면 그렇지도 않은데, 아무튼 민사불개입원칙에 따른 경찰의 소극적인 대응태도가 하루빨리 시정되어야 할 것이다.
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This article examines the relationships within East Asia between economic development, governance, property rights, provisions for the deployment of collateral and the creation of secured financial transactions, and creditor rights and their relationship with insolvency. No sophisticated market economy or market-based financial system can exist without these prerequisites, regardless of indigenous or acquired national characteristics or the form manifested by that system. However, in no national case in East Asia can the legal, regulatory, or policy background be described as either complete or fully integrated.
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The transformation from creditor's rights to shareholder's rights which is used in the state-own business enterprises in the reform of China is an important transitional measure.It has been almost 5 years,but there are some problems not well resolved.This paper,through analyzing the meaning of the transformation from creditor's rights to stockholder's rights and its general law requests and necessity,clearly points out the main law problems in its operation,and puts forward the superficial counter plan to it.
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Infringement of creditor' s rights has been established by decided cases and doctrines in many countries. It has its own theoretical foundation. Its function is to protect the interests of creditors so as to prevent unfair competition and to maintain orderly market competition. It also meets the requirement of the development of China's socialist-market-oriented economy and the judicial activities. While offering some legislative ideas about the regulatory framework of infringement of creditor's rights, this author maintains that such a framework should be established in China's Civil Code.
Civil code
Socialist market economy
Code (set theory)
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On effectiveness property rights take precedence over creditors' rights as the following——First,all types of property rights take precedence over creditors' rights;Second,regardless of the order of their establishment of property rights and creditors' rights,the property rights are better than creditors' rights.Besides,the priority effectiveness of property rights are typically presented from two perspectives: First,do not violate the lease contract during the deal;Second,the law considerates the two rights based on public welfare or social policy.Due to the absolute power and dominance of property rights,the changing rules and the priority effectiveness of property rights have to be systematically configurated.Therefore,while designing the effective rules of property rights,these systems should fit each other as much as possible.
Reservation of rights
Lease
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At the beginning Property legal principles aimed at finishing the old property rights,to prevent the revival of the feudal property rights.In real life,property rights got access to the legal protection of transaction convenience,security and other evidence on the merits.However,property rights and their legal property right type and content restrictions also led to the rigidity of the Property Rights Law,while China was in a transitional period of intense social change,the new property rights in practice in the form of exploration,property law made clear that the statutory principle of property rights,will inhibit the emergence of a new right.property statutory model with regard to how to achieve the parties a certain degree of autonomy of private law,the new types of property rights in a timely summing up the legal recognition to adapt to the evolution of society,is to be discussed in this paper.
Numerus clausus
Reservation of rights
Adverse possession
Bundle of rights
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Following the Supreme Court decisions in Manchester CC v Pinnock and Hounslow CC v Powell , this article examines the possible impact of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms upon protection of the home in creditor repossession proceedings. The central argument advanced is that, although occupiers may not all be protected through property law, they may enjoy an independent right to respect for their home under Article 8, which should be acknowledged in the legal frameworks governing creditor's enforcement rights against the home. The article suggests that the most common creditor enforcement route, through mortgage repossession proceedings, falls short in this regard. It takes as its primary focus the treatment of children in such proceedings to provide an example of the potential for a human rights-based property protection heralded by these two Supreme Court decisions.
Fair Housing Act
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The legal property rights are the core of construction of property rights.The construction of property rights in China should be based on the currant situation and absorb the successful experience and model of foreign countries.
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